“…After the discovery of a new infrared luminescent bismuth center, several research groups started to study its applications, such as optical amplification (Fujimoto & Nakatsuka 2003;Ren, Wu et al 2007;Ren, Dong et al 2007;Ren, Qiao et al 2007;Seo, Lim et al 2007), waveguide inscription(Psaila, Thomson et al 2006), or laser oscillation (Dianov, Dvoyrin et al 2005;Dianov, Shubin et al 2007;Razdobreev, Bigot et al 2007;Rulkov, Ferin et al 2007;Truong, Bigot et al 2008) using Bi luminescent materials. With respects to device applications, optical fibers with Bi luminescent center in the core material are very curious.…”