High quality syngas production from microwave pyrolysis of rice husk with char-supported metallic catalysts

Zhang, Shuping; Dong, Qing; Zhang, Li; Xiong, Ya

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2015.04.114

Cited by 168 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…It is among the most destructive diseases affecting rice in Malaysia and other parts of the world's major rice growing regions. The disease causes considerably large grain yield losses in almost all major ecosystems where it is grown [9,10]. Blast infection could be noticed at every stage of rice growth and the symptoms occur in all above ground parts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marker-Assisted Introgression of Multiple Resistance Genes Confers Broad Spectrum Resistance against Bacterial Leaf Blight and Blast Diseases in PUTRA-1 Rice Variety

et al. 2019

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Bacterial leaf blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae (Xoo) and blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae are major diseases responsible for significant yield loss in rice production across all rice growing regions. Host plant resistance has been advocated as a sustainable means of guarding against the diseases. This experiment was conducted with the aim to introgress multiple resistance genes against bacterial leaf blight and blast diseases through marker-assisted backcross breeding. Two dominant (Xa4 and Xa21) and two recessive (xa5 and xa13) Xoo resistance genes were introgressed into a high yielding Malaysian rice variety Putra-1 with genetic background of three blast resistance (Piz, Pi2 and Pi9) genes. Eight polymorphic tightly linked functional and SSR markers were used for foreground selection of target genes. Seventy nine polymorphic SSR markers were used in background selection. The plants were challenged at initial stage of breeding and challenged again at BC2F2 with the most virulent Malaysian pathotypes of Xoo (P7.7) and Magnaporthe oryzae (P7.2) to test their resistance. Results obtained from foreground marker segregation analysis at BC1F1 and BC2F1 showed that the marker polymorphism both fitted into the Mendel’s single gene segregation ratio of 1:1 for both Xoo and blast resistance. At BC2F2, results indicated that foreground marker polymorphism fitted into the expected Mendelian ratio of 1:2:1 for blast resistance only. Marker-assisted background selection revealed high percentage of recurrent parent genome recovery (95.9%). It was concluded that the inheritance of blast resistance in the introgressed lines was mainly due to single gene action while the inheritance of Xoo resistance was substantially due to single nuclear gene action. The incorporation of four bacterial leaf blight and three blast resistance genes (Xa4 + xa5 + xa13 + Xa21; Pi9 + Pi2 + Piz) in the newly developed lines would provide for broad spectrum and durable resistance against the two major diseases studied.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marker-Assisted Introgression of Multiple Resistance Genes Confers Broad Spectrum Resistance against Bacterial Leaf Blight and Blast Diseases in PUTRA-1 Rice Variety

et al. 2019

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show abstract

“…It is among the most destructive diseases affecting rice in Malaysia and other parts of the world's major rice growing regions. The disease causes considerably large grain yield losses in almost all major ecosystems where it is grown [9,10]. Blast infection could be noticed in every stage of rice growth and the symptoms occur in all above-ground parts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marker-assisted introgression of multiple resistance genes confers broad spectrum resistance against bacterial leaf blight and blast diseases in Putra-1 rice variety

Rafii

Chukwu

Ramlee

et al. 2019

Preprint

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This experiment was conducted with the aim of introgressing multiple resistance genes against bacterial leaf blight (BLB) and blast diseases through marker-assisted backcross breeding. Two dominant (Xa4 and Xa21) and two recessive (xa5 and xa13) BLB resistance genes were introgressed into a Malaysian elite rice variety Putra-1 with genetic background of three blast resistance (Piz, Pi2 and Pi9) genes and high yielding. Eight polymorphic tightly linked functional and SSR markers were used for foreground selection of target genes. 79 polymorphic SSR markers were used in background selection. The plants were challenged at initial stage of breeding and challenged again at BC 2 F 2 with the most virulent Malaysian pathotypes of Xoo (P7.7) and Magnaporthe oryzae (P7.2) to test their resistance. Results obtained from foreground marker analysis showed that the BC 1 F 1 and BC 2 F 1 both fitted into the Mendel's single gene segregation ratio of 1:1 for both Xoo and blast resistance. At BC 2 F 2 , result obtained indicated that foreground marker segregation fitted into the expected Mendelian ratio of 1:2:1 for blast resistance only. Marker-assisted background selection revealed high percentage of recurrent parent genome recovery (95.9%). It was concluded that resistance to Xoo pathotype P7.7 in IRBB60 was neither due to two independent gene action nor epistasis but substantially due to single nuclear gene action. Also, the inheritance of blast resistance in the pyramided lines to pathotype P7.2 was also attributed to single gene action. The incorporation of four bacterial leaf blight and three blast resistance genes (Xa4+xa5+xa13+Xa21+Pi9+Pi2+Piz) in the newly developed lines provides for broad spectrum and durable resistance against the two major diseases studied.

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“…The calorific value evaluation showed that the heating values of the lignin-derived biochar were from 20.4 to 24.5 MJ/Kg, about 24% higher than the heating value of raw lignin, that was 19 MJ/Kg. Zhang et al studied the microwave pyrolysis of rice husk with rice husk char and rice husk char-supported metallic (Ni, Fe, and Cu) catalysts [103]. The process conditions provided a microwave power of 700 W, 50 g of rice husk and 15 g of catalyst, and a reaction time of 20 min.…”

Section: Microwave-assisted Pyrolysis In-situ Upgradingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwaves and Heterogeneous Catalysis: A Review on Selected Catalytic Processes

et al. 2020

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Since the late 1980s, the scientific community has been attracted to microwave energy as an alternative method of heating, due to the advantages that this technology offers over conventional heating technologies. In fact, differently from these, the microwave heating mechanism is a volumetric process in which heat is generated within the material itself, and, consequently, it can be very rapid and selective. In this way, the microwave-susceptible material can absorb the energy embodied in the microwaves. Application of the microwave heating technique to a chemical process can lead to both a reduction in processing time as well as an increase in the production rate, which is obtained by enhancing the chemical reactions and results in energy saving. The synthesis and sintering of materials by means of microwave radiation has been used for more than 20 years, while, future challenges will be, among others, the development of processes that achieve lower greenhouse gas (e.g., CO 2 ) emissions and discover novel energy-saving catalyzed reactions. A natural choice in such efforts would be the combination of catalysis and microwave radiation. The main aim of this review is to give an overview of microwave applications in the heterogeneous catalysis, including the preparation of catalysts, as well as explore some selected microwave assisted catalytic reactions. The review is divided into three principal topics: (i) introduction to microwave chemistry and microwave materials processing; (ii) description of the loss mechanisms and microwave-specific effects in heterogeneous catalysis; and (iii) applications of microwaves in some selected chemical processes, including the preparation of heterogeneous catalysts.A chemical process is conventionally energized by means of conductive heating with a steam boiler as a typical heat source. Nevertheless, a large variety of other forms of energy can be applied for PI, including ultrasounds (for reactions or crystal nucleation), light (in photocatalytic processes), electric fields (in extraction or for orientation of molecules), or microwaves. The microwave (dielectric) heating of materials has been known for a long time, and microwave ovens have been developed from more than 60 years. The studies by Gedye et al. in 1986 and 1988 [3,4] opened a period of very intensive investigation of the microwave effects on chemical reactions in homogeneous systems. Since then, hundreds of research papers have been published, and research has also expanded toward heterogeneous catalysis and its related chemical processes. This review gives an overview of the application of microwave technology to heterogeneous catalysis, including various chemical processes, as well as to the preparation of catalysts.

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High quality syngas production from microwave pyrolysis of rice husk with char-supported metallic catalysts

Cited by 168 publications

References 31 publications

Marker-Assisted Introgression of Multiple Resistance Genes Confers Broad Spectrum Resistance against Bacterial Leaf Blight and Blast Diseases in PUTRA-1 Rice Variety

Marker-Assisted Introgression of Multiple Resistance Genes Confers Broad Spectrum Resistance against Bacterial Leaf Blight and Blast Diseases in PUTRA-1 Rice Variety

Marker-assisted introgression of multiple resistance genes confers broad spectrum resistance against bacterial leaf blight and blast diseases in Putra-1 rice variety

Microwaves and Heterogeneous Catalysis: A Review on Selected Catalytic Processes

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