High-rate-induced capacity evolution of mesoporous C@SnO2@C hollow nanospheres for ultra-long cycle lithium-ion batteries

General Approach to Single and Hybrid Metal Oxide Fiber Structures for High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Batteries

“…Moreover, the cathodic peak close to 0.1 V correspond to alloying reaction of Sn accompanied with an anodic peak at around 0.63 V related to dealloying process of Li x Sn in the first cycle were also observed in Figure S5a. [36] The results were in consistence with the discharge/charge profiles of SnO 2 ( Figure S5b). For Fe 2 O 3 anode, the reduction peak at about 0.56 V was assigned to the reduction of Fe 3 + and simultaneous formation of Li 2 O in the first cycle, which shifted to higher potential in subsequent cathodic scan ( Figure S6a).…”

“…As shown in Figure S5a, SnO 2 electrode displayed a clear peak close to 0.78 V in the first cathodic scan, which was considered as the generation of solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer. Moreover, the cathodic peak close to 0.1 V correspond to alloying reaction of Sn accompanied with an anodic peak at around 0.63 V related to dealloying process of Li x Sn in the first cycle were also observed in Figure S5a . The results were in consistence with the discharge/charge profiles of SnO 2 (Figure S5b).…”

Free-Standing SnO2@rGO Anode via the Anti-solvent-assisted Precipitation for Superior Lithium Storage Performance

“…The exploration of alternative anode materials has become an urgent task to pursue high lithium storage capacity, together with excellent rate capability and cycling stability, because the specific capacity of the commercial graphite anode has been reached to the theoretical limit of 372 mAh g −1 . The tin-based oxides have been widely reported as promising anode candidates, due to the high capacity, non-toxicity, and natural abundance (Hu et al, 2017;Sahoo and Ramaprabhu, 2018;Cao et al, 2019;Hong et al, 2019). As reported in the literature (Zhao et al, 2016;Ahmed et al, 2017;Cui et al, 2017), lithium storage capacity of the SnO 2 anode material is on the basis of reversible alloying/dealloying processes of Sn x Li (0 < x ≤ 4.4, corresponding to the maximum theoretical capacity of 782 mAh g −1 when the x = 4.4) after an initial irreversible conversion reaction from original SnO 2 to the metallic Sn (Wang et al, 2012).…”

SnO2 as Advanced Anode of Alkali‐Ion Batteries: Inhibiting Sn Coarsening by Crafting Robust Physical Barriers, Void Boundaries, and Heterophase Interfaces for Superior Electrochemical Reaction Reversibility

“…Another strategy for stabilizing SnO 2 NPs is to utilize hierarchical, porous, and hollow‐structured architectures . The high specific area void boundaries resulting from the abundant voids inside these architectures can impede Sn coarsening between different particle subunits during the cycling process (Figure c) .…”

“…The hollow interior helps maintain structural integrity by buffering the volume changes from the lithium insertion–extraction; this stabilizes the void boundaries that impede Sn coarsening (Figure c). Various hollow‐structured SnO 2 materials with dramatically improved structural stability have been constructed using both template and template‐free methods . Moreover, multi‐shell hollow structures coated with carbonaceous materials or conductive polymers (as illustrated in Figure b) were constructed to further enhance the electrochemical properties of hollow‐structured SnO 2 …”