High Rates of Contamination of Poultry Meat Products with Drug-Resistant &lt;i&gt;Campylobacter&lt;/i&gt; in Metro Manila, Philippines

Lim, Patrick Wilson N.; Tiam-Lee, Daphne C.; Paclibare, Phyllis Anne P.; Subejano, Ma. Socorro Edden P.; Cabero-Palma, Juvy Ann S.; Penuliar, Gil M.

doi:10.7883/yoken.jjid.2016.309

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The spectrum of AAIs in our study is comparable to other LMICs in Southeast Asia with similar livestock farming systems (CMf and BYf) such as Indonesia, Vietnam, and Thailand ( 25 , 26 ). The use of these AAIs is consistent with the detection of E. coli resistant to cephalosporins from poultry ( 13 ) and swine ( 12 , 15 , 16 ) and the detection of ciprofloxacin resistant Campylobacter from retail chickens ( 14 ) sampled within the same regions in our study. As evidenced by the relatively common practice of over-the-counter purchase of VMPs from agrovet shops or retail outlets (largely by BYf), enhanced veterinary oversight or VCPR and regulating access to these antimicrobials such as prescription-only use are required.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…This qualitative pilot study provides an overview of the AAIs used in poultry and swine CMf and BYf in the Philippines, the reasons why AAIs are used, and common AMU practices, including how producers access AAIs and whom they consult for AMU advice. Increasing demand for chickens and pork and the potential public health implications of the consumption of these products contaminated with antimicrobial resistant foodborne pathogens (12)(13)(14)(15)(16) emphasized that AMU surveillance in these food animals should be prioritized.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of important public health concern is the detection of Escherichia coli harboring extended-spectrum beta lactamase-conferring genes (ESBLs) among swine (57.41%) ( 12 ) and poultry (66.67%) ( 13 ), and high prevalence of quinolone (nalidixic acid) resistant Campylobacter spp. from retail chickens (98.1%) ( 14 ) in the Philippines. Similarly, in pork products, a high prevalence of resistance to beta-lactams cefazolin (100%), cefuroxime (100%), and cefoxitin (100%) ( 15 ) and multidrug resistant Salmonella ( 15 , 16 ) have been reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gaps in VMP regulation might contribute to food safety (i.e., drug residues) and AMR-related health risks. Recent studies in the country have documented high prevalence and widespread distribution of bacteria resistant to certain antimicrobials (12)(13)(14). Of important public health concern is the detection of Escherichia coli harboring extended-spectrum beta lactamaseconferring genes (ESBLs) among swine (57.41%) (12) and poultry (66.67%) (13), and high prevalence of quinolone (nalidixic acid) resistant Campylobacter spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antimicrobials Used in Backyard and Commercial Poultry and Swine Farms in the Philippines: A Qualitative Pilot Study

et al. 2020

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Chicken and pork are the most frequently consumed meat products in the Philippines. Swine and poultry are reared in either commercial farms (CMf) or backyard farms (BYf); the latter production system is relatively common and essential to food security in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) such as the Philippines. Similar to resource-limited LMICs, antimicrobial use (AMU) surveillance has not yet been established; thus, AMU in food animals is a knowledge gap in understanding the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in zoonotic foodborne bacteria in the country. This qualitative AMU pilot study aims to describe the antimicrobial active ingredients (AAIs) used and associated AMU practices (e.g., source of AAIs and informed AMU decisions) by poultry and swine CMf and BYf in the Philippines. Ninety-three farms across four regions in the Philippines voluntarily provided AMU information as part of a larger biosecurity and good practices study. The percentage of farms using AAI over the total number of farms was the metric used to describe AMU. In total, there were 30 AAIs used (CMf: n =27 and BYf: n = 13); per farm, the number of AAIs used ranged from 1 to 7. The spectrum of AAIs was more diverse in swine ( n = 24) compared to poultry ( n = 18). Enrofloxacin was the most frequently reported AAI in poultry (33%) and swine (36%) farms. Respiratory diseases were the most frequently reported reason for AMU in both species. Between production systems, significant differences were observed in the percentage of farms using amoxicillin (27% CMf vs. 3% BYf), colistin (17% CMf vs. 3% BYf), and oxytetracycline (12% CMf vs. 39% BYf). In terms of AMU practices, of important concern was the over-the-counter access of AAIs at retail outlets and the limited veterinary oversight in BYf. Our data indicated that antimicrobials critically important for human medicine are frequently used in poultry and swine farms in the Philippines. This study can inform the development of guidelines for curbing AMR through prudent AMU and serves as a reference point for AMU surveillance capacity development in the Philippines.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antimicrobials Used in Backyard and Commercial Poultry and Swine Farms in the Philippines: A Qualitative Pilot Study

et al. 2020

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“…However, fluoroquinolone-resistant Campylobacter isolates from both human and animal sources have been dramatically described during the last decades [ 5 , 6 ]. Additionally, macrolides (such as tilmicosin, tulathromycin, and tildipirosin) have been widely utilized in animals raised for food in many geographic regions [ 7 , 8 ], which has led to the selection and spread of Campylobacter isolates that are resistant to these antibiotics [ 9 , 10 , 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships between Virulence Genes and Antibiotic Resistance Phenotypes/Genotypes in Campylobacter spp. Isolated from Layer Hens and Eggs in the North of Tunisia: Statistical and Computational Insights

Gharbi

Kamoun

Hkimi

et al. 2022

Foods

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Globally, Campylobacter is a significant contributor to gastroenteritis. Efficient pathogens are qualified by their virulence power, resistance to antibiotics and epidemic spread. However, the correlation between antimicrobial resistance (AR) and the pathogenicity power of pathogens is complex and poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate genes encoding virulence and AR mechanisms in 177 Campylobacter isolates collected from layer hens and eggs in Tunisia and to assess associations between AR and virulence characteristics. Virulotyping was determined by searching 13 virulence genes and AR-encoding genes were investigated by PCR and MAMA-PCR. The following genes were detected in C. jejuni and C. coli isolates: tet(O) (100%/100%), blaOXA-61 (18.82%/6.25%), and cmeB (100%/100%). All quinolone-resistant isolates harbored the Thr-86-Ile substitution in GyrA. Both the A2074C and A2075G mutations in 23S rRNA were found in all erythromycin-resistant isolates; however, the erm(B) gene was detected in 48.38% and 64.15% of the C. jejuni and C. coli isolates, respectively. The machine learning algorithm Random Forest was used to determine the association of virulence genes with AR phenotypes. This analysis showed that C. jejuni virulotypes with gene clusters encompassing the racR, ceuE, virB11, and pldA genes were strongly associated with the majority of phenotypic resistance. Our findings showed high rates of AR and virulence genes among poultry Campylobacter, which is a cause of concern to human health. In addition, the correlations of specific virulence genes with AR phenotypes were established by statistical analysis.

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Antimicrobial Resistance in Food-Borne Campylobacter spp.

Lekshmi

Kumar

Nayak

et al. 2023

Handbook on Antimicrobial Resistance

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High Rates of Contamination of Poultry Meat Products with Drug-Resistant <i>Campylobacter</i> in Metro Manila, Philippines

Cited by 15 publications

References 11 publications

Antimicrobials Used in Backyard and Commercial Poultry and Swine Farms in the Philippines: A Qualitative Pilot Study

Antimicrobials Used in Backyard and Commercial Poultry and Swine Farms in the Philippines: A Qualitative Pilot Study

Relationships between Virulence Genes and Antibiotic Resistance Phenotypes/Genotypes in Campylobacter spp. Isolated from Layer Hens and Eggs in the North of Tunisia: Statistical and Computational Insights

Antimicrobial Resistance in Food-Borne Campylobacter spp.

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