High-resolution analysis of a tsunami deposit: Case-study from the 1755 Lisbon tsunami in southwestern Spain

Coupling eruption and tsunami records: the Krakatau 1883 case study, Indonesia

“…These deposits resemble many tsunami deposits described in the literature (e.g. Goff et al 2012;Cuven et al 2013): basal erosional features and rip-up clasts from the substratum (soil), all size fractions (from very fine sands to plurimetric boulders) present in some samples, poor sorting, lateral and longitudinal variations of thickness and internal organisation, both uniform and laminated facies, units enriched in heavy minerals and numerous marine bioclasts (up to 50 % of the clasts and 35 wt% LOI at 950°C). Landward thinning and fining is often reported for tsunami deposits, but this is far from systematic for the 1883 tsunami deposits.…”

“…Dawson and Stewart 2007;Bourgeois 2009;Goff et al 2012;Keating et al 2011). Cuven et al (2013) used a combination of sedimentological (grain size, sorting, anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility), micromorphological (X-ray tomography and radiography, thin sections) and geochemical analysis (X-ray microfluorescence, ICP-AES, loss on ignition) to provide a comprehensive reconstruction of the different phases of the 1755 tsunami deposition and flow dynamics in Andalusia (Spain). The same suite of methods cannot be applied entirely to the 1883 Krakatau tsunami deposits.…”

New sedimentary and geomorphic evidence of tsunami flooding related to an older events along the Tangier-Asilah coastal plain, Morocco

“…The most characteristic features of uprush units are sand-sheets that cover the sub-horizontal areas (Chagué- Keating et al 2011b;Goff et al 2012). Vertical grain-size distribution within the sand layer can form graded bedding, with often coarse sand at the base and fine sand at the top (Cuven et al 2013;Koster and Reicherter 2014). Backwash units have been recognized in inhabited areas from the presence of human artefacts in the deposits Bondevik et al 1997b;Minoura et al 1997).…”

“…In the vicinity of Moroccan coasts, evidence of strong modern and pre-historic earthquakes and tsunamis has been found and studied in Spain, Portugal (e.g. Kortekaas and Dawson 2007;Rodríguez-Vidal et al 2011;Costa et al 2012;Cuven et al 2013).…”

Geological and Sedimentological Evidence of a Large Tsunami Occurring ~1100 Year BP from a Small Coastal Lake along the Bay of La Paz in Baja California Sur, Mexico

“…The sedimentary signatures of both tsunami [51][52][53][54][55][56][57] and tropical cyclone-generated [58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66] deposits have been extensively studied. However, attempts at distinguishing between the two [51,53,55,67] have not been entirely successful.…”