High-Resolution Analysis of Ethanol-Induced Locomotor Stimulation in<i>Drosophila</i>

Wolf, Fred W.; Rodan, Aylin R.; Tsai, Linus; Heberlein, Ulrike

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.22-24-11035.2002

Cited by 171 publications

(274 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The first assay is based on previous studies that measured rapid odor-induced startle responses (19,20). In this odor flow assay, individual flies are placed in circular arenas [ Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previously described fly olfactory assays retain little temporal or spatial information about odor-induced behavior (13-18). Therefore, we designed two olfactory assays that measure responses of individual flies to an odor stimulus at high spatial and temporal resolution.The first assay is based on previous studies that measured rapid odor-induced startle responses (19,20). In this odor flow assay, individual flies are placed in circular arenas [ Fig.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Influence of odorant receptor repertoire on odor perception in humans and fruit flies

Keller

Vosshall

2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The olfactory system is thought to recognize odors with multiple odorant receptors (ORs) that are activated by overlapping sets of odorous molecules, ultimately generating an odor percept in the brain. We investigated how the odor percept differs between humans and Drosophila melanogaster fruit flies, species with very different OR repertoires. We devised high-throughput single fly behavior paradigms to ask how a given OR contributes to the odor percept in Drosophila. Wild-type flies showed dose-and stimulus-dependent responses to 70 of 73 odors tested, whereas mutant flies missing one OR showed subtle behavioral deficits that could not be predicted from the physiological responses of the OR. We measured human and fly judgments of odor intensity and quality and found that intensity perception is conserved between species, whereas quality judgments are species-specific. This study bridges the gap between the activation of olfactory sensory neurons and the odor percept.behavior ͉ Drosophila ͉ genetics ͉ olfaction ͉ psychophysics D espite the wealth of knowledge about the molecular basis of olfaction, little is known about how the odor percept forms in the brain. The identification of hundreds of odorant receptor (OR) genes (1), each encoding a different seven-transmembrane domain protein, provided an initial mechanistic explanation for how animals can discriminate a large number of chemical stimuli. Animals are thought to be able to identify and distinguish smells because each OR is activated by a specific set of odors and each odor activates a combination of ORs, a process known as combinatorial coding (2-6). A typical OR is sensitive to a few compounds at low concentrations and to a wider range of compounds at higher concentrations (5, 6). OR repertoires differ considerably in size between species, from Ϸ1,200 in rodents to Ϸ400 in humans, and 61 in the fly (Drosophila melanogaster) (7), but it is not well understood whether or how these differences impact odor perception across species. In this study, we investigate the influence of the OR repertoire on odor perception in humans and fruit flies. Both species exhibit robust responses to odors and cohabitate in most parts of the world (8) but have very different OR repertoires.Most of our knowledge about how an odor percept is experienced by the organism comes from experiments measuring odor perception in humans (9-12) because humans can selfreport their odor experience. Sensory parameters that can be measured in human odor perception by psychophysical techniques include odor intensity, distinguishability, similarity, and sensitivity to an odor. To link OR activation and the odor percept in flies, these parameters and concepts had to be transferred to Drosophila. This was problematic because little is known about how these insects respond behaviorally to odors.Here we report high-throughput behavioral assays that measure odor-evoked responses in single flies with great sensitivity and resolution. We used these assays to probe the sensitivity and receptive range o...

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“…The first assay is based on previous studies that measured rapid odor-induced startle responses (19,20). In this odor flow assay, individual flies are placed in circular arenas [ Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of odorant receptor repertoire on odor perception in humans and fruit flies

Keller

Vosshall

2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Using invertebrate model systems for the study of ethanol's effects on the nervous system conveys several advantages, especially because many cellular mechanisms appear to be conserved across animal phyla (Wolf and Heberlein, 2003). In particular, studies using locomotor assays have extended what is known with respect to the molecular targets of ethanol in the central nervous system (Davies, et al, 2003;Moore, et al, 1998;Morgan and Sedensky, 1995;Wolf, et al, 2002). Using the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, and the nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans, these studies have elegantly shown that ethanol interacts with calcium-activated potassium channels (Davies, et al, 2003), GABA B receptors (Dzitoyeva, et al ., 2003), and signaling via dopamine (Bainton, et al, 2000) and cAMP (Moore, et al, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute ethanol ingestion produces dose-dependent effects on motor behavior in the honey bee (Apis mellifera)

Maze

Wright

Mustard

2006

Journal of Insect Physiology

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Ethanol consumption produces characteristic behavioral states in animals that include sedation, disorientation, and disruption of motor function. Using individual honey bees, we assessed the effects of ethanol ingestion on motor function via continuous observations of their behavior. Consumption of 1 M sucrose solutions containing a range of ethanol doses lead to hemolymph ethanol levels of approximately 40 to 100 mM. Using ethanol doses in this range, we observed time and dosedependent effects of ethanol on the percent of time our subjects spent walking, stopped, or upside down, and on the duration and frequency of bouts of behavior. The effects on grooming and flying behavior were more complex. Behavioral recovery from ethanol treatment was both time and ethanol dose dependent, occurring between 12 and 24 hr post-ingestion for low doses and at 24 to 48 hours for higher doses. Furthermore, the amount of ethanol measured in honey bee hemolymph appeared to correlate with recovery. We predict that the honey bee will prove to be an excellent model system for studying the influence of ethanol on the neural mechanisms underlying behavior.

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“…Recently several techniques have been developed to track social behaviors in animals with rigid exoskeletons, such as the fruit fly Drosophila, which have relatively few degrees of freedom in their movements (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23). These techniques have had a transformative impact on the study of social behaviors in that species (2).…”

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confidence: 99%

Automated measurement of mouse social behaviors using depth sensing, video tracking, and machine learning

Hong

Kennedy

Burgos-Artizzu

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

280

234

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A lack of automated, quantitative, and accurate assessment of social behaviors in mammalian animal models has limited progress toward understanding mechanisms underlying social interactions and their disorders such as autism. Here we present a new integrated hardware and software system that combines video tracking, depth sensing, and machine learning for automatic detection and quantification of social behaviors involving close and dynamic interactions between two mice of different coat colors in their home cage. We designed a hardware setup that integrates traditional video cameras with a depth camera, developed computer vision tools to extract the body "pose" of individual animals in a social context, and used a supervised learning algorithm to classify several well-described social behaviors. We validated the robustness of the automated classifiers in various experimental settings and used them to examine how genetic background, such as that of Black and Tan Brachyury (BTBR) mice (a previously reported autism model), influences social behavior. Our integrated approach allows for rapid, automated measurement of social behaviors across diverse experimental designs and also affords the ability to develop new, objective behavioral metrics.

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High-Resolution Analysis of Ethanol-Induced Locomotor Stimulation inDrosophila

Cited by 171 publications

References 36 publications

Influence of odorant receptor repertoire on odor perception in humans and fruit flies

Influence of odorant receptor repertoire on odor perception in humans and fruit flies

Acute ethanol ingestion produces dose-dependent effects on motor behavior in the honey bee (Apis mellifera)

Automated measurement of mouse social behaviors using depth sensing, video tracking, and machine learning

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