High School Diet and Risk of Crohnʼs Disease and Ulcerative Colitis

Abstract

Introduction Diet may play an important role in the pathogenesis of Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), yet there are few prospective studies of dietary factors. None have examined the association between adolescent diet and risk of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD; CD and UC). Methods This study included women enrolled in Nurses’ Health Study II who completed a validated high school dietary questionnaire in 1998. We examined the effect of dietary patterns (prudent or western diet) and individual components of each patterns. We documented incident cases of CD and UC through 2011 based on physician review of medical records and used Cox proportional hazards models adjusting for confounders to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and confidence intervals (CI) for CD and UC. Results Over 763,229 person-years of follow-up, we identified 70 incident cases of CD and 103 cases of UC. Compared to women in the lowest quartile of a prudent diet score (characterized by greater intake of fruits, vegetables, and fish), women in the highest quartile had a 53% lower risk of CD (Hazard ratio (HR) 0.47, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.23 – 0.98; Ptrend=0.04). Specifically, greater intake of fish (Ptrend=0.01) and fiber (Ptrend=0.06) were associated with lower risk of CD. In contrast, Western diet score was not associated with risk of CD. Neither dietary patterns nor individual food or nutrient groups was associated with UC. Conclusion Adolescent diet is associated with risk of CD, but not UC, offering insights into disease pathogenesis.

High-Salt Diet Gets Involved in Gastrointestinal Diseases through the Reshaping of Gastroenterological Milieu

“…Salting and pickling, as traditional popular ways for preparing food in Japan and some parts of Asia, increase the risk of stomach cancer in these areas [9]. Western diet high in salt contributes to a high prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in the United States and Europe [10]. Clinically, a bland diet, which is considered beneficial for illness rehabilitation, is also frequently prescribed to patients with GI disease; however, the underlying rationale is not fully understood.…”

Potential Impact of Diet on Treatment Effect from Anti-TNF Drugs in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

“…Findings from the European Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) Study and the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS) are particularly noteworthy because of their large well-characterized cohorts [16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28]. These studies have investigated the involvement of dietary factors such as dietary patterns, vitamin D, dietary fibre, zinc, dairy products, n -3 and n -6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and protein, particularly animal protein, in IBD development [16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28]. The increases in IBD seen in developing countries as they adopt a Western lifestyle [5], and the high incidence among immigrants coming from low to high incidence areas, strongly suggest the involvement of other environmental factors such as lifestyle factors in disease aetiology [29].…”

High Dietary Intake of Specific Fatty Acids Increases Risk of Flares in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis in Remission During Treatment With Aminosalicylates

“…2 In large prospective studies such as the Nurses’ Health Study, due to 4 year survey intervals there may be a significant lag between questionnaire completion and the time of diagnosis of IBD. 7,8 When the relationship between fats and risk of development of UC was examined in prospective cohorts from the UK, dietary arachidonic acid was associated with an increased risk of development of a UC, while total dietary n-3 PUFAs, oleic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were associated with a decreased risk of development of UC. 9,10 …”