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Hanneke, David; Carollo, Ryan; Lane, D.Andrew

doi:10.1103/physreva.94.050101

Cited by 42 publications

(57 citation statements)

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“…Because of the intrinsically narrow lines of these transitions, statistical uncertainty will average quickly to the systematic limits as long as the majority of the time can be spent probing the ions. In general, measuring N ions over time τ, where the linewidth is γ (for example in hertz) and the single probe time is 1/γ, should yield a statistical uncertainty of [32] δµ µ…”

Section: Choice Of State and Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The current limit for a molecular experiment iṡ µ/µ = (−3.8 ± 5.6) × 10 −14 yr −1 , which is based on a rovibrational transition in SF 6 and was conducted in a molecular beam [27]. Several proposals exist for next-generation searches in diatomic molecules [24][25][26][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35]. In this manuscript, we provide additional support for the use of the O + 2 molecule [32,33] in such a search.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Two-Photon Vibrational Transitions in 16O2+ as Probes of Variation of the Proton-to-Electron Mass Ratio

Carollo

Frenett

Hanneke

2018

Atoms

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Vibrational overtones in deeply bound molecules are sensitive probes for variation of the proton-to-electron mass ratio µ. In nonpolar molecules, these overtones may be driven as two-photon transitions. Here, we present procedures for experiments with O + 2 , including state-preparation through photoionization, a two-photon probe, and detection. We calculate transition dipole moments between all X 2 Π g vibrational levels and those of the A 2 Π u excited electronic state. Using these dipole moments, we calculate two-photon transition rates and AC-Stark-shift systematics for the overtones. We estimate other systematic effects and statistical precision. Two-photon vibrational transitions in O + 2 provide multiple routes to improved searches for µ variation.

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Section: Choice Of State and Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-Photon Vibrational Transitions in 16O2+ as Probes of Variation of the Proton-to-Electron Mass Ratio

Carollo

Frenett

Hanneke

2018

Atoms

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“…Therefore, the minimum detectable value of (∆X/X) is estimated as |δf / (λ X f )|, although Ref. [23] discusses only λ X .…”

Section: Sensitivity To the Variation In Fundamental Constantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To prepare the 14 N 2 + molecular ion with I = 0, high resolution REMPI is required, while I is always 0 for the 15 N 2 + molecular ion (natural abundance of 1 ppm) with N = 0. Also the 16 Π v = 1 transition frequencies for the reason given below [23]. The energy of the high vibrational state E Xv /h ≈ 1000 THz is approximately proportional to µ −0.5 , while the energy of the a 4 Πv = 0, 1 state E a has almost no dependence on µ.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Accuracy estimation of the O216+ transition frequencies targeting the search for the variation in the proton-electron mass ratio

Kajita¹

2017

Phys. Rev. A

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In this paper, we estimate the Stark and Zeeman shifts in the transition frequencies of the 16 O2 + molecular ion, as a step for the search for the variation in the proton-to-electron mass ratio µ. The X 2 Π v = 21 − a 4 Π v = 0 or the X 2 Πv = 21 − a 4 Π v = 1 transition frequencies (THz region) of the 16 O2 + molecular ion have particularly high sensitivity to the variation in µ. Note also that the Stark shift in the 16 O2 + transition frequencies is expected to be much smaller than that for heteronuclear diatomic molecules. However, the actual systematic uncertainties for the 16 O2 + transition frequencies have never been estimated. We estimated the Stark and Zeeman shifts in the different 16 O2 + transition frequencies. When the molecular ions in a string crystal formed in a linear trap (trap electric field < 0.1 V/cm, and Stark shift < 10 -20 ) are used, the X 2 Π 1/2 (v, J) = (0, 1/2) − (v ′ , 1/2)(v ′ ≥ 1) transition frequencies are most advantageous for the search for the variation in µ ∆µ/µ < 10 −17 because the Zeeman shift is easily suppressed to lower than 10 -18 and the electric quadrupole shift is zero. On the other hand, the X 2 Π 1/2 (v, J) = (21, 1/2) − a 4 Π 1/2 (v, J) = (0, 1/2) transition frequency has another merit that the positive Stark shift induced by the trap electric field can be canceled by the quadratic Doppler shift. Therefore, the measurement using molecular ions in a Coulomb crystal broadened in the radial direction is also possible, when the Zeeman shift is effectively eliminated. PACS numbers: 32.60.+i, 06.20.Dk, 33.20Ea

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“…The precise spectroscopy enabled by the methods proposed here would allow direct observation of this effect, as well as coherent molecular dynamics on the few-Hz level. Vibrational spectroscopy of homonuclear diatomic molecular ions has been proposed for high-sensitivity searches for time-variation of the electron-nucleon mass ratio, and Raman-active modes of nonpolar, closed shell triatomic molecular ions such NO + 2 , which could be observed directly by the system described in this work, appear to be a highly systematic-immune platform for such searches [22]. Polyatomic molecules have been suggested as attractive systems in searches for both nuclear and electronic permanent electric dipole moments [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Method for preparation and readout of polyatomic molecules in single quantum states

Patterson

2018

Phys. Rev. A

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Polyatomic molecular ions contain many desirable attributes of a useful quantum system, including rich internal degrees of freedom and highly controllable coupling to the environment. To date, the vast majority of state-specific experimental work on molecular ions has concentrated on diatomic species. The ability to prepare and readout polyatomic molecules in single quantum states would enable diverse experimental avenues not available with diatomics, including new applications in precision measurement, sensitive chemical and chiral analysis at the single molecule level, and precise studies of Hzlevel molecular tunneling dynamics. While cooling the motional state of a polyatomic ion via sympathetic cooling with a laser cooled atomic ion is straightforward, coupling this motional state to the internal state of the molecule has proven challenging. Here we propose a new method for readout and projective measurement of the internal state of a trapped polyatomic ion. The method exploits the rich manifold of technically accessible rotational states in the molecule to realize robust state-preparation and readout with far less stringent engineering than quantum logic methods recently demonstrated on diatomic molecules. The method can be applied to any reasonably small ( 10 atoms) polyatomic ion with an anisotropic polarizability.

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High sensitivity to variation in the proton-to-electron mass ratio inO2+

Cited by 42 publications

References 50 publications

Two-Photon Vibrational Transitions in 16O2+ as Probes of Variation of the Proton-to-Electron Mass Ratio

Two-Photon Vibrational Transitions in 16O2+ as Probes of Variation of the Proton-to-Electron Mass Ratio

Accuracy estimation of the O216+ transition frequencies targeting the search for the variation in the proton-electron mass ratio

Method for preparation and readout of polyatomic molecules in single quantum states

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