High-speed switchable lens enables the development of a volumetric stereoscopic display

Love, Gordon D.; Hoffman, David M.; Hands, Philip J.W.; Gao, James; Kirby, Andrew K.; Banks, Martin S.

doi:10.1364/oe.17.015716

Cited by 243 publications

(155 citation statements)

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“…In multi-plane displays, images are drawn on presentation planes at several different optical distances for each eye, enabling both vergence and accommodation cues. These displays have been constructed using a system of beam splitters [Akeley et al 2004;MacKenzie et al 2010] and by time multiplexing with high-speed switchable lenses [Love et al 2009;] to superimpose multiple display planes additively on the viewer's field of vision (Figure 2). Many current implementations support high-resolution imagery using the full resolution of a conventional monitor, with accommodation cues that are correct for diffuse objects lying on one of the presentation planes.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Volumetric displays, on the other hand, present three-dimensional imagery by placing light sources at multiple optical distances, so that accommodative effects arise automatically. Stereoscopic multi-plane display architectures [Akeley et al 2004;Love et al 2009;, in particular, can present high-resolution imagery on a discrete set of presentation planes at different accommodative distances. Previous studies have shown that these displays can provide the appropriate stimuli to drive accommodation for simple, isolated, diffuse objects at intermediate distances [MacKenzie et al 2010;Ravikumar et al 2011].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimal presentation of imagery with focus cues on multi-plane displays

et al. 2015

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Reproducing a real-world scene on a multi-plane display. Given a focus stack consisting of images of a scene focused at different distances, we use optimization to determine images to show on the presentation planes of the multi-plane display so that the image seen through the display when focusing at different distances matches the corresponding image of the input scene. The presentation planes combine additively in the viewer's eye to produce an image with realistic focus cues. AbstractWe present a technique for displaying three-dimensional imagery of general scenes with nearly correct focus cues on multi-plane displays. These displays present an additive combination of images at a discrete set of optical distances, allowing the viewer to focus at different distances in the simulated scene. Our proposed technique extends the capabilities of multi-plane displays to general scenes with occlusions and non-Lambertian effects by using a model of defocus in the eye of the viewer. Requiring no explicit knowledge of the scene geometry, our technique uses an optimization algorithm to compute the images to be displayed on the presentation planes so that the retinal images when accommodating to different distances match the corresponding retinal images of the input scene as closely as possible. We demonstrate the utility of the technique using imagery acquired from both synthetic and real-world scenes, and analyze the system's characteristics including bounds on achievable resolution.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal presentation of imagery with focus cues on multi-plane displays

et al. 2015

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“…A substantial amount of research supports the idea that mitigating the vergence-accommodation conflict in stereoscopic displays improves both perception and comfort, and this observation has been a major motivation for the development of displays that support multiple focus distances (3,5,7,(12)(13)(14)(15)27). However, the fact that accommodative gain universally deteriorates with age suggests that the effects of the vergence-accommodation conflict may differ for people of different ages (28)(29)(30) and even that multifocus or dynamic display modes may be undesirable for older users.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing virtual reality for all users through gaze-contingent and adaptive focus displays

Padmanaban

Konrad

Stramer

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

171

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From the desktop to the laptop to the mobile device, personal computing platforms evolve over time. Moving forward, wearable computing is widely expected to be integral to consumer electronics and beyond. The primary interface between a wearable computer and a user is often a near-eye display. However, current generation near-eye displays suffer from multiple limitations: they are unable to provide fully natural visual cues and comfortable viewing experiences for all users. At their core, many of the issues with near-eye displays are caused by limitations in conventional optics. Current displays cannot reproduce the changes in focus that accompany natural vision, and they cannot support users with uncorrected refractive errors. With two prototype neareye displays, we show how these issues can be overcome using display modes that adapt to the user via computational optics. By using focus-tunable lenses, mechanically actuated displays, and mobile gaze-tracking technology, these displays can be tailored to correct common refractive errors and provide natural focus cues by dynamically updating the system based on where a user looks in a virtual scene. Indeed, the opportunities afforded by recent advances in computational optics open up the possibility of creating a computing platform in which some users may experience better quality vision in the virtual world than in the real one.virtual reality | augmented reality | 3D vision | vision correction | computational optics E merging virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) systems have applications that span entertainment, education, communication, training, behavioral therapy, and basic vision research. In these systems, a user primarily interacts with the virtual environment through a near-eye display. Since the invention of the stereoscope almost 180 years ago (1), significant developments have been made in display electronics and computer graphics (2), but the optical design of stereoscopic near-eye displays remains almost unchanged from the Victorian age. In front of each eye, a small physical display is placed behind a magnifying lens, creating a virtual image at some fixed distance from the viewer (Fig. 1A). Small differences in the images displayed to the two eyes can create a vivid perception of depth, called stereopsis.However, this simple optical design lacks a critical aspect of 3D vision in the natural environment: changes in stereoscopic depth are also associated with changes in focus. When viewing a near-eye display, users' eyes change their vergence angle to fixate objects at a range of stereoscopic depths, but to focus on the virtual image, the crystalline lenses of the eyes must accommodate to a single fixed distance ( Fig. 2A). For users with normal vision, this asymmetry creates an unnatural condition known as the vergence-accommodation conflict (3, 4). Symptoms associated with this conflict include double vision (diplopia), compromised visual clarity, visual discomfort, and fatigue (3, 5). Moreover, a lack of accurate focus also removes a cu...

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“…The two dominating technologies are lenslet arrays [Lippmann 1908] and parallax barriers [Ives 1903]. Today, a much wider range of different 3D display technologies are available, including volumetric displays [Cossairt et al 2007;Jones et al 2007], multifocal displays [Akeley et al 2004;Love et al 2009], and super-multi-view displays [Takaki 2006]. Volumetric displays create the illusion of a virtual 3D object floating inside the physical device enclosure; an observer can accommodate within this volume.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Volumetric displays create the illusion of a virtual 3D object floating inside the physical device enclosure; an observer can accommodate within this volume. Multifocal displays allow for the display of imagery on different focal planes but require either multiple devices in a large form factor [Akeley et al 2004] or vary-focal glasses to be worn [Love et al 2009]. Super-multi-view displays emit light fields with an extremely high angular resolution, which is achieved by employing many spatial light modulators.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eyeglasses-free display

et al. 2014

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Figure 1: Vision correction with computational displays. On a conventional screen, people with optical aberrations see a blurred image (center left). Current approaches to aberration-correcting display use multilayer prefiltering (center) or light field displays (center right). While the former technology enhances perceived image sharpness, contrast is severely reduced. Existing light field-based solutions offer high contrast but require a very high angular sampling density, which significantly reduces image resolution. In this paper, we explore the convergence of light field display optics and computational prefiltering (right), which achieves high image resolution and contrast simultaneously. AbstractMillions of people worldwide need glasses or contact lenses to see or read properly. We introduce a computational display technology that predistorts the presented content for an observer, so that the target image is perceived without the need for eyewear. By designing optics in concert with prefiltering algorithms, the proposed display architecture achieves significantly higher resolution and contrast than prior approaches to vision-correcting image display. We demonstrate that inexpensive light field displays driven by efficient implementations of 4D prefiltering algorithms can produce the desired vision-corrected imagery, even for higher-order aberrations that are difficult to be corrected with glasses. The proposed computational display architecture is evaluated in simulation and with a low-cost prototype device.

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High-speed switchable lens enables the development of a volumetric stereoscopic display

Cited by 243 publications

References 30 publications

Optimal presentation of imagery with focus cues on multi-plane displays

Optimal presentation of imagery with focus cues on multi-plane displays

Optimizing virtual reality for all users through gaze-contingent and adaptive focus displays

Eyeglasses-free display

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