High sulfur content in corn dried distillers grains with solubles protects against oxidized lipids by increasing sulfur-containing antioxidants in nursery pigs1

Abstract

Some sources of corn dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) contain relatively high amounts of oxidized lipids produced from PUFA peroxidation during the production process. These oxidized lipids may impair metabolic oxidation status of pigs. The objective of this study was to understand the effects of feeding corn-soybean meal diets (CON) or diets containing 30% highly oxidized DDGS with 1 of 3 levels of supplemental vitamin E (dl-α-tocopheryl acetate), none, the 1998 NRC level (11 IU/kg), and 10x the 1998 NRC level (110 IU/kg), on oxidative status of nursery pigs. The DDGS source used in this study contained the greatest thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) value, peroxide value, and total S content (5.2 ng/mg oil, 84.1 mEq/kg oil, and 0.95%, respectively) relative to 30 other DDGS sources sampled (mean values = 1.8 ng/mg oil, 11.5 mEq/kg oil, and 0.50%, respectively). Barrows (n = 54) were housed in pens and fed the experimental diets for 8 wk after weaning and transferred to individual metabolism cages for collection of feces, urine, blood, and liver samples. Total S content was greater in DDGS diets than in CON (0.39 vs. 0.19%). Dietary inclusion of 30% DDGS improved apparent total tract digestibility of S (86.8 vs. 84.6%; P < 0.001) and S retained (2.94 vs. 2.07 g/d; P < 0.01) compared with CON. Although pigs were fed highly oxidized DDGS in this study, serum TBARS were similar between DDGS and CON treatments. There was an interaction between DDGS and dietary vitamin E level for serum concentrations of α-tocopherol. Serum α-tocopherol concentrations were greater (P < 0.001) in pigs fed DDGS diets than those fed CON when dl-α-tocopheryl acetate was not provided or provided at the NRC level but were similar when dl-α-tocopheryl acetate was supplemented at the 10x NRC level. Pigs fed DDGS diets had greater serum concentrations of S-containing AA, particularly Met (P < 0.001) and taurine (P = 0.002), compared with those fed CON. Liver glutathione concentration was greater in pigs fed DDGS diets than CON (56.3 vs. 41.8 nmol/g). Dietary inclusion of DDGS (P < 0.001) and vitamin E (P = 0.03) increased enzyme activity of glutathione peroxidase. The elevated concentrations of S-containing antioxidants (Met, taurine, and glutathione) in vivo may protect pigs against oxidative stress when feeding highly oxidized DDGS. Therefore, the increased S content in DDGS may be beneficial, and increasing concentrations of vitamin E in diets may not be necessary to protect pigs against metabolic oxidative stress when feeding high S and highly peroxidized DDGS.

Feeding wet distillers grains plus solubles contributes to sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane instability

“…However, this is not the first time that feeding distillers grains was reported to decrease lipid oxidation. Song et al (2013) also found that lipid oxidation values were not different between pigs fed 30% dried distillers grains plus solubles or corn/soybean-based control diets. One explanation for such a phenomenon is that the greater concentration of sulfur in 50% WDGS diet [0.41% vs 0.09% in 0% WDGS diet (Jolly et al 2014)] may cause an antioxidant effect.…”

“…One explanation for such a phenomenon is that the greater concentration of sulfur in 50% WDGS diet [0.41% vs 0.09% in 0% WDGS diet (Jolly et al 2014)] may cause an antioxidant effect. The high concentration of sulfur may synthesise sulfur-containing amino acids and thus alleviate the oxidative stress induced by PUFA in WDGS (Song et al 2013). Sulfur-containing amino acids such as methionine, cystine, taurine, and glutathione have been studied extensively for their antioxidant properties (Parcell 2002;Atmaca 2004;Battin and Brumaghim 2009).…”

Changes of Physicochemical and Sensory Properties of Fermented Sausage from Sulfur-fed Pork

“…Komarnisky et al (2003) reported that sulfur-containing compounds such as cysteine, glutathione and lipoic acid protect against oxidative stress through the scavenging and reduction of various oxidants in biological systems. Some researchers found that glutathione, which is an important antioxidant that prevents damage caused by free radicals, peroxides and lipid peroxides (Pompella et al , 2003), was formed from the transsulfuration pathway during the consumption of sulfur-containing feeds (Kim et al , 2015; Song et al , 2013). Song et al (2013) demonstrated that sulfur-containing antioxidants such as glutathione enzyme, methionine and taurine were increased as fed high sulfur-containing diet to pigs.…”

“…Meat products manufactured with dietary sulfur fed animals are well known to possess significant antioxidant effects (Kim et al , 2015; Lee et al , 2009). Song et al (2013) reported that pigs that ate feed containing a high concentration of sulfur had a lot of antioxidants in their body. Additionally, supplementation with dietary sulfur is known to decrease saturated fatty acid and increase polyunsaturated fatty acid (Danielle et al , 2014).…”

Caracterização nutricional e uso de DDGS em dietas para suínos em crescimento e terminação - Abordagem analítica

“…SONG et al, (2013) avaliaram o desempenho de animais em crescimento e terminação com dietas a base de 0, 10, 20 e 30% de DDGS de milho. Os animais alimentados com dietas contendo 0 e 10% de DDGS tiveram desempenho equivalente, contudo, animais que receberam dietas com 20 e 30% de DDGS apresentaram GPD inferior aos demais tratamentos.…”