High surface area rice husk‐based activated carbon prepared by chemical activation with ZnCl₂‐CuCl₂ composite activator

Abstract

In this study, rice husks (RHs), an agriculture by‐product, were used as precursor for the production of activated carbon by chemical activation with ZnCl2‐CuCl2 composite activator. The effect of process variables, such as ZnCl2 concentration, CuCl2 concentration, activation temperature, and activation time, were investigated. The optimal process condition was obtained through orthogonal test. Then the morphology, pore structure, and surface chemistry of rice husk‐based activated carbon (RAC) were analyzed. When using 5 mol/L ZnCl2 and 0.4 mol/L CuCl2 at the carbonization temperature of 500°C for 1.5 h, the BET surface area of the produced activated carbon was as high as 1924 m2/g and the total pole volume reached 1.493 cm3/g. The surface area was strongly affected by ZnCl2 concentration and the subsequent activation temperature. RAC prepared under the optimum conditions had remarkable adsorptive properties and notable treatment effect for fuchsine. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 35: 133–140, 2016

Application of Activated Carbon Derived from Seed Shells of Jatropha curcas for Decontamination of Zearalenone Mycotoxin

“…The BET analysis was helpful in establishing the relationship between surface area and material properties of samples and the effect of activation temperature, activator, impregnation ratio in the formation of pore formation ( Ab Ghani et al, 2017 ). In the present study, ACJC with the greater surface area was obtained by ZnCl 2 chemical activation at a higher temperature ( Liu et al, 2016 ). The porous structure of ACJC is due to the “swelling effect” caused by the electrolytic action of ZnCl 2 which breaks the lateral bonds in the cellulose molecules and increases the pore density in the molecular structure of seed shells of J. curcas .…”

“…The porous structure of ACJC is due to the “swelling effect” caused by the electrolytic action of ZnCl 2 which breaks the lateral bonds in the cellulose molecules and increases the pore density in the molecular structure of seed shells of J. curcas . Therefore, microporosity and surface area of ACJC has increased ( Liu et al, 2016 ). The S BET , micropore area, and average pore diameter of ACJC were observed as 822.78 (m 2 /g), 255.36 (m 2 /g), and 8.5980 (Å), respectively ( Figures 4A,B ).…”

Pengaruh Aktivasi Kimia terhadap Adsorben Fly Ash Batubara untuk Penyerap Polutan Emisi Gas Buang

“…Kadar air yang rendah setelah perlakuan aktifasi baik dengan ZnCl 2 dan NaOH serta pengeringan karena terjadi pelepasan kandungan air yang terikat dalam pori adsorben, sebaliknya kadar air yang tinggi tanpa perlakuan dikarenakan tingginya kadar air yang terikat pada bahan pengisi pori yang bersifat higroskopis seperti tar. Menurut (Liu et al, 2016) bahwa ZnCL 2 berfungsi baik sebagai agen dehidrasi sehingga menghambat pembentukan tar dan juga mengarahkan reaksi pembentukan char pada temperatur di bawah 500 o C yang ditandai perubahan warna pembesaran pori.…”

Versatile Nanostructures from Rice Husk Biomass for Energy Applications

“…The optimum activation temperature and impregnation ratio of activator to RH carbon were 500 °C and 2:1, respectively. In addition to the common activators, including NaOH, KOH, H 3 PO 4 , and ZnCl 2 , activation procedures with CO 2 , steam, polytetrafluoroethylene, and a ZnCl 2 /CuCl 2 composite were also reported to be effective for the fabrication of RH‐PC NSs. Note that compared to the traditional impregnation activation method (mixing activators with RHs or RH ash (RHA) in solution), the dry activation process (directly mixing activators with RHs or RHA in a solid phase) is superior in the generation of RH‐PC with a higher specific surface area .…”