High temperature oxidation of AISI 441 in simulated solid oxide fuel cell anode side conditions

Internal Oxidation of a Fe–Cr Binary Alloy at 700–900 °C: The Role of Hydrogen and Water Vapor

“…This finding spurred a lot of work on this field resulting in somewhat contradictory results [11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. Nevertheless, it is nowadays firmly established that the dual atmosphere effect is real and recent work by Gunduz et al [17,18] explains how different parameters influence the effect and thus shedding light on the discrepancies reported in the literature. Although the exact mechanism is still debated, authors agree upon that hydrogen from the hydrogen rich side diffuses through the metal and negatively affects air-side oxidation.…”

“…Several authors recently questioned the effect of water vapor and hydrogen on the oxygen permeability based on internal oxidation experiments in Fe-Ni-Cr [41][42][43] and Pd-Cr [44,45] alloys. Some of the aforementioned studies were carried out at temperatures that substantially exceed the application range of SOFC/SOEC, 600-800 °C, while the works by Gunduz et al [17,18] and Alnegren et al [13,14] have shown that the dual atmosphere effect intensifies with decreasing temperature. Therefore, extrapolating the conclusions from [41][42][43] to lower temperatures must be done with utmost precaution.…”