High temporal resolution electrochemical biosensor using nitrogen-incorporated nanodiamond ultra-microelectrode array

Holz

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

et al. 2015

Crystalline carbon-based materials are intrinsically chemically inert and good heat conductors, allowing their applications in a great variety of devices. A technological step forward in heat dissipators production can be given by tailoring the carbon phase microstructure, tuning the CVD synthesis conditions. In this work, a rapid bottom-up synthesis of vertically aligned hybrid material comprising diamond thin platelets covered by a crystalline graphite layer was developed. A single run was designed in order to produce a high aspect ratio nanostructured carbon material favoring the thermal dissipation under convection-governed conditions. The produced material was characterized by multiwavelength Raman spectroscopy and electron microscopy (scanning and transmission), and the macroscopic heat flux was evaluated. The results obtained confirm the enhancement of heat dissipation rate in the developed hybrid structures, when compared to smooth nanocrystalline diamond films.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat Dissipation Interfaces Based on Vertically Aligned Diamond/Graphite Nanoplatelets

Holz

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

et al. 2015

“…FSCV can be an excellent electrochemical detection method for electroactive NTs, such as DA; however, it requires specialized instrumentation. In addition, FSCV offers scan rates greater than 100V/s and can be suitable for monitoring and quantifying DA or other redox-active bio-analytes with rapid changes in various concentrations [ 19 ].…”

Section: Voltammetry Amperometry and Potentiostatmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These results demonstrate that WINCS is well-suited to the in vivo monitoring of AD, and the clinical application of AD measurements may prove important in achieving a better understanding of neurochemical mechanisms. In another study, Kang et al used ultra-microelectrode arrays (UMEAs) ( Figure 4 ), a square array of 50 × 50 microelectrodes, to detect DA [ 19 ].…”

Section: Voltammetry Amperometry and Potentiostatmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… ( a ) Low magnification SEM micrograph showing a section of the ND-UMEA (ultra-microelectrode array) in a SiO 2 matrix; inset: tilt view at 45° of the ND-UMEA projecting above the surrounding SiO 2 plane;( b ) High resolution SEM micrograph of the microstructure of the nanodiamond film; the inset shows an individual ND-UME with a “donut”-like geometry. Reproduced with permission from [ 19 ]. …”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most biomolecules have extra electrical charges or can be modified with redox-active tags. It is possible to apply simple electrochemical detection schemes by using pre-defined electrical excitations to monitor molecular responses [ 19 ]. In particular, the electrochemical sensor is a completely label-free detection platform, which is beneficial to portable sensors [ 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Microelectronics-Based Biosensors Dedicated to the Detection of Neurotransmitters: A Review

Mirzaei

2014

Sensors

Dysregulation of neurotransmitters (NTs) in the human body are related to diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's. The mechanisms of several neurological disorders, such as epilepsy, have been linked to NTs. Because the number of diagnosed cases is increasing, the diagnosis and treatment of such diseases are important. To detect biomolecules including NTs, microtechnology, micro and nanoelectronics have become popular in the form of the miniaturization of medical and clinical devices. They offer high-performance features in terms of sensitivity, as well as low-background noise. In this paper, we review various devices and circuit techniques used for monitoring NTs in vitro and in vivo and compare various methods described in recent publications.

IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits

<italic>In Vitro</italic> Multi-Functional Microelectrode Array Featuring 59 760 Electrodes, 2048 Electrophysiology Channels, Stimulation, Impedance Measurement, and Neurotransmitter Detection Channels

Dragaš

Viswam

Shadmani

et al. 2017

182

132

Biological cells are characterized by highly complex phenomena and processes that are, to a great extent, interdependent. To gain detailed insights, devices designed to study cellular phenomena need to enable tracking and manipulation of multiple cell parameters in parallel; they have to provide high signal quality and high spatiotemporal resolution. To this end, we have developed a CMOS-based microelectrode array system that integrates six measurement and stimulation functions, the largest number to date. Moreover, the system features the largest active electrode array area to date (4.48×2.43 mm 2 ) to accommodate 59,760 electrodes, while its power consumption, noise characteristics, and spatial resolution (13.5 μm electrode pitch) are comparable to the best state-of-the-art devices. The system includes: 2,048 action-potential (AP, bandwidth: 300 Hz to 10 kHz) recording units, 32 local-field-potential (LFP, bandwidth: 1 Hz to 300 Hz) recording units, 32 current recording units, 32 impedance measurement units, and 28 neurotransmitter detection units, in addition to the 16 dual-mode voltage-only or current/voltagecontrolled stimulation units. The electrode array architecture is based on a switch matrix, which allows for connecting any measurement/stimulation unit to any electrode in the array and for performing different measurement/stimulation functions in parallel. Index Termshigh-density microelectrode array (HD-MEA); neural interface; multi-functionality; high channel count; low noise; low power; switch matrix; extracellular recording and stimulation; neurotransmitter detection; impedance spectroscopy; pre-charging; pseudo-resistor I IntroductionElectrogenic cells, such as neuronal, cardiac, and pancreatic cells are capable of generating and transmitting electrical signals. The flow of ions through the cell membrane generates changes in electrical potentials that can be measured using standard electronic circuitry. Apart from electrical signals, cells also use chemical compounds for signaling, as it is the case in neuronal synapses (contacts between neuronal cells). The chemicals that transmit signals across the synaptic cleft, so-called neurotransmitters, play a significant role in brain diseases, such as schizophrenia, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's disease [1]; their presence is detectable by means of electrochemical methods, typically, cyclic voltammetry, [2]- [4]. To study cell network dynamics, a bidirectional interaction, which also includes electrical stimulation of cells, is desired. To ensure precise and selective stimulation of individual neurons, characterization of the electrodes [5], the cell-electrode attachment, and the cell morphology [6] is first performed, typically by means of impedance spectroscopy [7]. This In this paper, we present a high-density MEA system that allows performing multiple measurement/stimulation functions in parallel (Fig. 1). The implemented switch-matrix approach [18], [22] allows connecting any electrode to any of the measurement/stimulation channels. Moreover,...