High yield synthesis of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural from cellulose using FePO 4 as the catalyst

Acid‐Catalyzed Conversion of Carbohydrates into Value‐Added Small Molecules in Aqueous Media and Ionic Liquids

“…Ferric phosphate has also been applied to the conversion of cellulose in a biphasic system of H 2 O–NaCl/THF . Although almost insoluble in the reaction medium at ambient temperature, FePO 4 becomes soluble, and therefore, a homogeneous catalyst at the reaction temperature (160 °C; Table ).…”

“…Ferric phosphate has also been applied to the conversion of cellulose in ab iphasic system of H 2 O-NaCl/THF. [83] Although almosti nsoluble in the reactionm edium at ambient temperature, FePO 4 becomes soluble, and therefore, ah omogeneous catalystatt he reaction temperature (160 8C; Ta ble 1). The variable catalyst solubility duringthe process facilitates the recovery thereof by filtration and recrystallization of the iron salt and enablesitt ob ereused without marked loss of activity.…”

Catalytic Conversion of Bamboo Meal to High‐Yield Furfural With Solid Acid Catalyst FePO4⋅2H2O

“…Among them, the band at 1738 cm −1 (attributed to the acetyl and uronic ester groups or the ester linkage of the carboxylic group of ferulic and p‐coumaricacid of hemicellulose), 1600 cm −1 and 1510 cm −1 (arising from the aromatic skeletal vibration), 1460 cm −1 (assigned to C−H deformation combined with aromatic ring vibration), and 1250 cm −1 (corresponding to methoxyl groups of lignin) . The bands (Figure , d) between 1150 and 920 cm −1 are due to the P−O stretching vibrations, while the two bands at around 625 and 550 cm −1 are related to the O−P‐O bending vibrations ,,…”

“…[42] The bands (Figure 1, d) between 1150 and 920 cm À 1 are due to the PÀO stretching vibrations, while the two bands at around 625 and 550 cm À 1 are related to the OÀP-O bending vibrations. [45,30,31] After the reaction with H 2 SO 4 (Figure 1, b) and FePO 4 (Figure 1, c) catalytic, the band at 1738 cm À1 with the low intensity of absorption, seemingly attributed to hemicellulose, were all obviously declined (almost disappearing), indicated that hemicellulose component has been converted. Furthermore, the band at 1600, 1510, 1460 and 1250 cm À1 (attributed to lignin) has obviously increased with catalytic of H 2 SO 4 and FePO 4 , indicated that lignin components were existed in the solid residue.…”

Efficient conversion of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to high-value chemicals by chemo- and bio-catalysis

“…Dehydration of monosaccharides and polysaccharides, which are widely distributed in biomass, is the main synthetic pathway of HMF. 18 Various substrates are used for the production of HMF: hexoses themselves, oligosaccharides as well as cellulose [19][20][21] and the raw biomass such as wheat straw (see in Scheme 2). 22 It is generally accepted that the production of HMF from biomass must include the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of biomass to produce hexose in the rst step.…”