High zoonotic potential of Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis, and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in wild nonhuman primates from Yunnan Province, China

Shu, Fanfan; Song, Shujiao; Wei, Yanting; Li, Falei; Guo, Yaqiong; Feng, Yaoyu; Xiao, Lihua; Li, Na

doi:10.1186/s13071-022-05217-7

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Reducing pathogen hazards in a densely populated environment can prevent disease transmission, especially for the most vulnerable population: people experiencing homelessness, particularly unsheltered people living in the study area who previously lacked accessible public sanitation and hygiene facilities. Four out of five samples were non-human in origin, with Giardia, Cryptosporidium, and EPEC (typical) occurring only in animal stools, though each of these has zoonotic potential to varying extents depending on the assemblage or genotype [12,[29][30][31]. Microscopy results also revealed a high burden of helminth infection in a presumptive canine sample.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Public toilets have reduced enteric pathogen hazards in San Francisco

et al. 2023

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Uncontained fecal wastes in cities may present exposure risks to the public. We collected discarded feces from public spaces in San Francisco, CA for analysis by RT-qPCR for a range of enteric pathogens. Out of 59 samples, we found 12 (20%) were of human origin and 47 (80%) were non-human; 30 of 59 stools were positive for ≥1 of the 35 pathogens assessed, including pathogenic E. coli, Shigella, norovirus, Cryptosporidium, and Trichuris. Using quantitative enteric pathogen estimates and data on observed fecal waste from a public reporting system, we modeled pathogens removed from the environment attributable to a recently implemented program of public toilet construction. We estimated that each new public toilet reduced the annual number of enteric pathogens released into the immediate environment (within 500 m walking distance), including 6.3 x 1012 enteropathogenic E. coli (95% CI: 4.0 x 1012–7.9 x 1012), 3.2 x 1011 enteroaggregative E. coli (95% CI: 1.3 x 1011–6.3 x 1011), and 3.2 x 108 Shigella (6.3 x 107–2.5 x 109). Improving access to public sanitation can reduce enteric pathogen hazards in cities. Interventions must also consider the hygienic disposal of animal waste to reduce microbial hazards with zoonotic infection potential.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Public toilets have reduced enteric pathogen hazards in San Francisco

et al. 2023

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“…Furthermore, the presence of non-livestock animals can present challenges in the creation of a buffer zone due to their potential for free roaming [11]. Alternatively, as part of the One Health approach to preventing and controlling transmissions, it is advisable to implement public education programs and epidemiological measures in disease prevention [33]. These practices would serve to inform both park personnel and tourists.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Parasites in Free-Ranging Bantengs (Bos javanicus) and Domestic Cattle at a Wildlife and Livestock Interface in Thailand

Watwiengkam,

Patikae,

Thiangthientham

et al. 2024

Trends Sci

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Impact of human activities on conservation of endangered species is significant due to the creation of wildlife-livestock interfaces (WLI), which increases the likelihood of disease transmissions. Protected wildlife populations may suffer from diseases caused by gastrointestinal (GI) parasites, potentially impacting conservation efforts. A population of ~100 wild bantengs inhabits the Lam-Pao non-hunting area, which is adjacent to human communities, animal farms and the Pao River, making this WLI suitable for a study of prevalence of GI parasites in the bantengs and domestic cattle. This research examined the prevalence and diversity of GI parasites and explored the associations between the parasitic species identified in the 2 animal groups. Formalin ethyl - acetate concentration technique (FECT) identified overall prevalence of 26.2, 17.4, 53.3 % for both animal groups, bantengs and domestic cattle respectively. The following prevalence of parasitic eggs were identified in the bantengs (N = 46) and the domestic cattle (N = 15) respectively: 1) 8.7 and 46 % of strongyle-type; 2) 4.3 and 6.7 % of Moniezia spp.; 3) 2.2 and 0 % of Fasciola spp.; 4) 6.5 and 6.7 % of Rumen flukes; 5) 0 and 13.3 % of Toxocara spp.; 6) 0 and 6.7 % of Capillaria spp.; 7) 0 and 6.7 % of Strongyloides spp.; and 8) 0 and 6.7 % of Trichuris spp. The combination of coproculture and polymerase chain reactions (PCR) was used to identified common strongyle-type species. We determined Oesophagostomum radiatum in 2 cattle (13.3 %) and 3 (6.5 %) banteng samples, Cooperia onchophora in 1 (6.7 %) cattle sample and Ostertagia ostertagi in 1 (6.7 %) cattle sample. The results present in this study would enable management to proactively strategize and prepare for parasitic diseases that can endanger such a population. HIGHLIGHTS FECT indicated that strongyle-type eggs were the most observed in bantengs and domestic cattle. Overall prevalence of 26.2, 17.4 and 53.3 % for bantengs, domestic cattle and both groups combined were reported, which were relatively low. The prevalence of strongyle-type and Toxocara eggs differed statistically between the 2 groups, potentially due to farming, leading to re-infections and high prevalence in domestic animals. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

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“…Giardia duodenalis assemblage A and B have been identified in non-human primates [ 22 , 40 ], which are closely related to humans. This is possibly the source of Giardia infection for other animals that share the same habitat and environment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Giardia duodenalis Zoonotic Assemblages AI and BIV in Pet Prairie Dogs (Cynomys ludovicanus) in Bangkok, Thailand

Kamyingkird

Phoosangwalthong

Klinkaew

et al. 2022

Animals

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Giardia is a flagellate protozoa that can be transmitted via direct contact and by consuming contaminated water. It is pathogenic in humans and various other animals, including exotic pets. Pet prairie dogs are popular in Thailand, but they have not been investigated regarding giardiasis. Giardia infection was measured, and genetic characterization was performed to investigate the zoonotic potential of Giardia carried by pet prairie dogs. In total, 79 fecal samples were examined from prairie dogs visiting the Kasetsart University Veterinary Teaching Hospital during 2017–2021. Simple floatation was conducted. Two Giardia-positive samples were submitted for DNA extraction, PCR targeting the Giardiassu rRNA, tpi and gdh genes was performed, and genetic characterization using sequencing analysis was conducted. Risk factors associated with Giardia infection were analyzed. Giardia infection was found in 11 out of the 79 pet prairie dogs (13.9%). Giardia infection was significantly higher in male prairie dogs (p = 0.0345). Coccidia cysts (12.7%), the eggs of nematodes (6.3%), and amoeba cysts (2.5%) were also detected. Genetic characterization of the two Giardia-positive samples revealed that they were G. duodenalis assemblage A, sub-genotypes AI and assemblage B, and sub-genotype BIV, the zoonotic assemblages. This was the first report of Giardia infection in pet prairie dogs in Bangkok, Thailand. The results revealed that these pet prairie dogs in Thailand were infected with zoonotic assemblages of G. duodenalis sub-genotype AI, which might have been derived from animal contaminants, whereas sub-genotype BIV might have been derived from human contaminants. Owners of prairie dogs might be at risk of giardiasis or be the source of infection to their exotic pets.

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High zoonotic potential of Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis, and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in wild nonhuman primates from Yunnan Province, China

Cited by 8 publications

References 50 publications

Public toilets have reduced enteric pathogen hazards in San Francisco

Public toilets have reduced enteric pathogen hazards in San Francisco

Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Parasites in Free-Ranging Bantengs (Bos javanicus) and Domestic Cattle at a Wildlife and Livestock Interface in Thailand

Detection of Giardia duodenalis Zoonotic Assemblages AI and BIV in Pet Prairie Dogs (Cynomys ludovicanus) in Bangkok, Thailand

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