Higher dietary magnesium intake is associated with lower body mass index, waist circumference and serum glucose in Mexican adults

Abstract

BackgroundObesity and diabetes mellitus (DM) are public health concerns in Mexico of top-level priority due to their high prevalence and their growth rate in recent decades. The accumulation of adipose tissue leads to an unbalanced release of pro-oxidant factors, which causes cellular damage and favors the development of comorbidities. Recent evidence suggests that oxidative stress also promotes the accumulation of adipose tissue and the development of insulin resistance. The objective of this study is to evaluate the association between usual intake of antioxidant nutrients, specifically vitamins A, C, E and magnesium with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and serum glucose concentrations in a representative sample of Mexican adults.MethodologyWe analyzed data on diet, BMI, WC and serum glucose from the Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey 2012. Analysis included 20- to 65-year-old adults without a known diagnosis of DM (n = 1573). Dietary information was obtained using the five-step multiple-pass method developed by the United States Department of Agriculture and adapted to the Mexican context. Nutrient usual intake distributions were estimated using the Iowa State University method, through the “Software for Intake Distribution Estimation” (PC-Side) v.1.02. Associations were analyzed using multivariate regression models.ResultsHigher dietary magnesium intake was associated with lower markers of adiposity, so that an increase in 10 mg per 1000 kcal/day of magnesium was associated with an average decrease in BMI of 0.72% (95% CI: -1.36, − 0.08) and 0.49 cm (95% CI: -0.92, − 0.07) of WC. Additionally, in women with normal glucose concentrations, an increase in magnesium intake was associated with an average decrease in serum glucose by 0.59% (95% CI: -1.08, − 0.09).ConclusionThe results suggest that magnesium intake is associated with lower BMI, WC and serum glucose in Mexican population. However, more studies are required to elucidate the nature of this association.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12937-018-0422-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Magnesium dietary intake and physical activity in Type 2 diabetes by gender in White, African‐American and Mexican American: NHANES 2011‐2014

“…[27][28][29] Higher physical activity and Mg intake were associated with better glycemic control and lower BMI. 30,31 These published findings aligned with the causal models developed in the present investigation in which physical activity was associated with…”

“…Meta‐analyses of more than 20 investigations showed that increased Mg intake was associated with higher physical activity and lower HbA1c 27‐29 . Higher physical activity and Mg intake were associated with better glycemic control and lower BMI 30,31 . These published findings aligned with the causal models developed in the present investigation in which physical activity was associated with higher Mg intake, lower BMI and decreased HbA1c.…”

Pro-Inflammatory Diet Is Associated with Adiposity during Childhood and with Adipokines and Inflammatory Markers at 11 Years in Mexican Children

“…However, our results differed for energy, carbohydrate and PUFA intakes, i.e., we did not identify significant differences across tertiles of C-DII. These findings show that within the Mexican diet, a higher intake of total fat and saturated fat and a lower consumption of fiber along with β-carotene, vitamin C, vitamin E and magnesium (known for having anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties) [30] during extended periods in childhood could contribute to detrimental health outcomes, including a pro-inflammatory state.…”

Influence of Demographic and Lifestyle Variables on Plasma Magnesium Concentrations and Their Associations with Cardiovascular Risk Factors in a Mediterranean Population

“…Among those observational studies, much research has been undertaken on whether there exists a relationship between magnesium contribution through dietary food and different cardiovascular risk factors, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases [38]. Thus, some studies have reported inverse associations between dietary magnesium intake and body mass index (BMI) or obesity [39,40], blood pressure [40,41], total cholesterol/LDL-cholesterol concentrations [42], and fasting glucose or type-2 diabetes [41,43,44], but the overall consistency for some of these factors is still low. Regarding the incidence of cardiovascular diseases, some studies have reported that high magnesium intake is associated with a lower risk of stroke, heart failure and total cardiovascular events [45,46], but less agreement has been observed for other cardiovascular events [38,47].…”