Highly compact 2×2 multimode interference coupler in silicon photonic nanowires for array waveguide grating demodulation integration microsystem

Li, Hongqiang; Dong, Xiaopeng; Li, Enbang; Liu, Zhihui; Bai, Yaoting

doi:10.1016/j.optlastec.2012.09.032

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…We explored three different devices for the splitting network: Multimode interferometers (MMIs), 30,31 directional couplers (DCs) 32 and asymmetric directional couplers (ADC). 33 While MMIs appears to be more fabrication tolerant, they typically present higher excess loss in comparison to directional couplers.…”

Section: Power Splitters For Spatial Multiplexingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress in the realization of multi-channels waveguide-integrated photon number resolving detectors

Page,

Konyshev,

Spreter

et al. 2024

Advanced Photon Counting Techniques XVIII

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We present our progress in the realization of a waveguide-integrated, near-infrared, 20-channel pseudo photon number resolving architecture realized on the silicon nitride platform. Each channel consists of a space multiplexing network directing to 8 superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors connected in series. Our design focusses on minimizing splitting losses, ensuring robust response across different wavelengths in the near-infrared range and achieving low noise electrical readout. Specifically, we will report on the design of wavelengthindependent splitting elements operating in the near-infrared, the realization of low-loss fiber-to-chip coupling and detail the implementation of the cryogenic biasing and readout scheme. Our work constitutes a significant advancement towards practical multi-channel photon number resolving detectors, serving as a promising building block for scalable and high-performance quantum information processing systems.

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Section: Power Splitters For Spatial Multiplexingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress in the realization of multi-channels waveguide-integrated photon number resolving detectors

Page,

Konyshev,

Spreter

et al. 2024

Advanced Photon Counting Techniques XVIII

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…where n r and n c are the effective indices of the DSPS MMI region for different widths at W = W l and W = W n , respectively; W g denotes the Goos-Hanchen shift. [16] The factor σ = 0 and σ = 1 correspond to transverse electric (TE) mode and transverse magnetic (TM) mode, respectively. Because α > 1 in the calculating process, the length of the DSPS MMI is shorter than that of the DSLS MMI device as indicated by comparing Eq.…”

Section: Small Size Of Compact MMI Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[5][6][7][8][9] Compared with the fiber-type TO optical switches, the waveguide-type TO switches have captured considerable interest such as functional compact photonic chips with smaller size, lower driving power consumption and faster response. Diversified TO waveguide switching structures have been used in actual optical chips, such as x-junction, [10,11] Mach-Zehnder interference (MZI), [12][13][14] directional coupling (DC) and multimode interference (MMI) type, [15][16][17][18][19] etc. Compared with the other structural TO waveguide switches, the MMI TO waveguide switches with highintegration and lower process tolerance are more suitable to realizing N × N multi-channel integrated switching matrixes for high-quality photonic chips.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compact 2×2 parabolic multimode interference thermo–optic switches based on fluorinated photopolymer

Wang¹,

Chen²,

Ke-wei³

et al. 2019

Chinese Phys. B

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In this work, a dual-side parabolic structural (DSPS) multimode interference (MMI) thermo-optic (TO) waveguide switch is designed and fabricated by using novel low-loss fluorinated photopolymer materials. Comparing with the traditional dual-side linear structural (DSLS) MMI device, the effective length of the MMI coupling region proposed can be effectively reduced by 40%. The thermal stability of the waveguide material is analyzed, and the optical characteristics of the switching chip are simulated. The actual performances of the entire MMI switch are measured with an insertion loss of 7 dB, switching power of 15 mW and an extinction ratio of 28 dB. In contrast to the traditional MMI optical switch, the new type of parabolic structural MMI TO waveguide switch exhibits lower power consumption and larger extinction ratio. The compact fluorinated polymer MMI TO switches are suitable well for realizing miniaturization, high-properties, and lower cost of photonic integrated circuits.

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“…Here, we have designed a silicon-nanowire-based X coupler, CGC, and 2 × 2 MMI coupler for the array waveguide grating (AWG) demodulation integration microsystem. 6,7 These couplers are used in the C band. Their splitting ratio should be 50∶50 to obtain the maximum power for AWG.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental demonstration and analysis of compact silicon-nanowire-based couplers

Dong

Bai

et al. 2013

Opt. Eng

Self Cite

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, W. (2013). Experimental demonstration and analysis of compact siliconnanowire-based couplers. Optical Engineering, 52 (6), 064003-1-064003-6. Experimental demonstration and analysis of compact silicon-nanowirebased couplers AbstractCompact 2 x 2 couplers based on silicon nanowires are fabricated and tested. They include a directional (X) coupler, a cross-gap coupler (CGC), and a multimode interference (MMI) coupler. The length of the X coupler's parallel film waveguide is 1 μm. The theoretical minimum excess loss of the X coupler is 0.73 dB, whereas its experimental value is 1.0817 dB. CGC has a coupling region length of 24 μm. The minimum excess loss of CGC, which is 0.6 dB in theory, is experimentally determined to be 0.6737 dB. Taper waveguides are used as input/output waveguides for the MMI coupler. The footprint of the MMI region is only 6 x 57 μm2. The excess loss of the MMI coupler is theoretically 0.46 dB, but its experimental value is 0.5423 dB. The experimental nonuniformity of the MMI coupler is 0.0063 dB when the center wavelength is 1.55 μm. The maximum excess loss of the MMI coupler is 0.8233 dB in the wavelength range of 1.52 to 1.58 μm. The simulated and experimental results show that a small 2 x 2 MMI coupler that is suitable for optoelectronic integration exhibits lower excess loss, wider bandwidth, and better uniformity. Abstract. Compact 2 × 2 couplers based on silicon nanowires are fabricated and tested. They include a directional (X) coupler, a cross-gap coupler (CGC), and a multimode interference (MMI) coupler. The length of the X coupler's parallel film waveguide is 1 μm. The theoretical minimum excess loss of the X coupler is 0.73 dB, whereas its experimental value is 1.0817 dB. CGC has a coupling region length of 24 μm. The minimum excess loss of CGC, which is 0.6 dB in theory, is experimentally determined to be 0.6737 dB. Taper waveguides are used as input/output waveguides for the MMI coupler. The footprint of the MMI region is only 6 × 57 μm 2 . The excess loss of the MMI coupler is theoretically 0.46 dB, but its experimental value is 0.5423 dB. The experimental nonuniformity of the MMI coupler is 0.0063 dB when the center wavelength is 1.55 μm. The maximum excess loss of the MMI coupler is 0.8233 dB in the wavelength range of 1.52 to 1.58 μm. The simulated and experimental results show that a small 2 × 2 MMI coupler that is suitable for optoelectronic integration exhibits lower excess loss, wider bandwidth, and better uniformity.

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Highly compact 2×2 multimode interference coupler in silicon photonic nanowires for array waveguide grating demodulation integration microsystem

Cited by 9 publications

References 16 publications

Progress in the realization of multi-channels waveguide-integrated photon number resolving detectors

Progress in the realization of multi-channels waveguide-integrated photon number resolving detectors

Compact 2×2 parabolic multimode interference thermo–optic switches based on fluorinated photopolymer

Experimental demonstration and analysis of compact silicon-nanowire-based couplers

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