Highly efficient nitrogen fixation enabled by an atmospheric pressure rotating gliding arc

Chen, Hang; Wu, Angjian; Mathieu, Stéphanie; Gao, Peihan; Li, Xiaodong; Xu, Bin; Yan, Jun; Tu, Xin

doi:10.1002/ppap.202000200

Cited by 32 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…At present, the industrial large-scale ammonia synthesis adopts the Haber-Bosch method, [5] which is based on Fe-based catalysts at the conditions of high temperature (450-600°C) and high pressure (150-350 atm). [6] It is an energy-intensive chemical process responsible for 1%-2% of the global total energy consumption and about 2% of CO 2 emissions, having a huge impact on the environment and economic development. [7] The energy and environmental concerns facing our world today require a new sustainable route for efficient nitrogen fixation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co‐Ni/MOF‐74 catalyst packed‐bed DBD plasma for ammonia synthesis

Liu,

Xu,

Song

et al. 2023

Plasma Processes & Polymers

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Nonthermal plasma (NTP) provides a potential and sustainable route for the synthesis of ammonia. In this work, a Co–Ni/MOF‐74 catalyst was developed to synthesize ammonia from N2 and H2 in a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma at low temperature and atmospheric pressure. Co–Ni/MOF‐74 showed the highest ammonia synthesis rate up to 2608.70 μmol g−1 h−1 at 200°C, with V(N2):V(H2) ratio of 1:1 and specific energy input of 33.27 kJ L−1. The catalytic activity was increased by 19.57% for Co–Ni/MCM‐41 and 375% for Co‐Ni/Al2O3, respectively. It was observed that the average electric field (E) and power efficiency were enhanced while adding Co–Ni/MOF‐74 to the reaction system.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co‐Ni/MOF‐74 catalyst packed‐bed DBD plasma for ammonia synthesis

Liu,

Xu,

Song

et al. 2023

Plasma Processes & Polymers

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“…where d 1 is the distance between gratings of G 1 and G 2 , θ is the angle between two grating lines. Equation (8) indicates that the center of the fringe represents the time-averaged displacement caused by the light deflection over the exposure time. If the discharge channel parameters present a coaxial symmetrical distribution, the radial distribution of refractive index can be reconstructed by using a single incident light beam along the y-direction.…”

Section: Diagnosticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, the discharge mode is converted from a non-thermal discharge to a thermal spark [4], and the conductivity of discharge channel can significantly increase by one or two orders of magnitude. Due to the advantage of high thermal efficiency, thermal spark discharge plasma has a wide range of applications in plasma-assisted combustion, spark ignition, nitrogen fixation, etc [5][6][7][8][9]. The gas temperature is an essential parameter in thermal spark discharge which strongly influences the physical and chemical properties of plasma, and ultimately determines the application effectiveness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature measurements of long sparks in air using time-resolved moiré deflectometry

Cheng¹,

He²,

Luo³

et al. 2022

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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This paper presents an original investigation on a time-resolved moiré deflectometry for gas temperature measurements of long sparks in air. In order to perform a rigorous comparative investigation with the widely used quantitative schlieren method, we set up an orthogonal optical measurement system. The impacts of spatial resolution and exposure time on the measurement accuracy are investigated by comparing the measured radial distribution of the gas temperature and its time evolution during the same spark discharge event. It is found that the time-resolved moiré deflectometry with an exposure time of 1.0 μs can accurately measure the gas temperature evolution during the isobaric heating and relaxation process of long sparks. The measured results of the expansion rate of cross-section π·〖R_"g" 〗^2 and average temperature Tg confirms that the energy loss is dominated by thermal conduction during isobaric heating and relaxation process after the extinction of discharge current. The moiré deflectometry can achieve a finer spatial resolution than the quantitative schlieren method, which is beneficial to the reconstruction of steep radial temperature distribution and the suppression of measured temperature fluctuation. Moreover, the moiré deflectometry can obtain a sub-microsecond exposure time by increasing the power of continuous-wave laser source, which shows its potential to capture the rapid changes in gas temperature during the fast-heating process.

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“…37 The highest NO x concentration in gliding arc discharge was approximately 1.4%, with an energy cost of 8 MJ/mol under optimum conditions. 38 Chen et al 39 used a rotary gliding arc with an oxygen content of 20% to produce 0.9% NO x with an energy cost of 4.2 MJ/mol. Muzzammil et al 40 optimized the operating condition in a rotary gliding arc reactor to achieve highest selectivity for NO (95%) with appreciable NO x concentration (approximately 1.1%) and energy cost (2.6 MJ/mol).…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward Reducing the Energy Cost of NO_x Formation in a Spark Discharge Reactor through Pinpointing Its Mechanism

Abdelaziz

Teramoto

Nozaki

et al. 2023

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Interest in sustainable nitrogen fertilizer production using plasma technology is rapidly growing, and this method is a promising way to decentralize fertilizer synthesis and achieve carbon-free production. However, improving efficiency remains a major challenge for the industrial application of this technology. Herein, we present comprehensive experiments using spark discharge to pinpoint the key factors affecting the efficiency of this process and provide technical approaches to improve the energy usage. We found that applying a bipolar voltage at high frequencies greatly benefited the NO x yield and its efficiency via the utilization of residual species. Measurements using active cooling for the reactor and electrodes revealed that the chemical loss process was not significant, but the energy loss during the heating of the electrode was the dominant loss process, particularly at high frequencies (>20 kHz) where an anchor state of the spark was reached. However, the beneficial effects of higher frequencies compensated for and mitigated the higher power loss resulting in slowing the increase of the energy cost with the energy density. Moreover, enlarging the plasma zone (reaction channel) by increasing the electrode gap was an effective approach for enhancing the energy usage for the desired reaction. Further, the limitations of enlarging the gap were resolved by inserting a floating electrode in the large gap, yielding higher NO x production (1.8%–3.0%) at a lower energy cost (1.9–4.4 MJ/mol), and further enhancements could be achieved by optimizing the reactor configuration. Therefore, the results provide an important basis for the further development and optimization of plasma reactors for efficient chemical reactions.

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Highly efficient nitrogen fixation enabled by an atmospheric pressure rotating gliding arc

Cited by 32 publications

References 39 publications

Co‐Ni/MOF‐74 catalyst packed‐bed DBD plasma for ammonia synthesis

Co‐Ni/MOF‐74 catalyst packed‐bed DBD plasma for ammonia synthesis

Temperature measurements of long sparks in air using time-resolved moiré deflectometry

Toward Reducing the Energy Cost of NO_x Formation in a Spark Discharge Reactor through Pinpointing Its Mechanism

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Highly efficient nitrogen fixation enabled by an atmospheric pressure rotating gliding arc

Cited by 32 publications

References 39 publications

Co‐Ni/MOF‐74 catalyst packed‐bed DBD plasma for ammonia synthesis

Co‐Ni/MOF‐74 catalyst packed‐bed DBD plasma for ammonia synthesis

Temperature measurements of long sparks in air using time-resolved moiré deflectometry

Toward Reducing the Energy Cost of NOx Formation in a Spark Discharge Reactor through Pinpointing Its Mechanism

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Toward Reducing the Energy Cost of NO_x Formation in a Spark Discharge Reactor through Pinpointing Its Mechanism