Highly flexible and degradable dual setting systems based on PEG-hydrogels and brushite cement

Rödel, Maximilian; Teßmar, Jörg; Groll, Jürgen; Gbureck, Uwe

doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2018.08.028

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…With the addition of the degradable cross-linker, strength values were found to be in the range of samples containing 50 wt% HEMA but with the advantage of a degradable monomer component. This is in contrast to a study using the cross-linker in combination with more degradable brushite cement, where strength values decreased extremely compared to the addition of about 50 wt% PEG-hydrogel phase [13]. The high flexibility and deformation of such brushite composites resulted in values of less than 1 MPa for tensile strength, which can be correlated to the different shape, size and entanglement of cement crystals compared to apatite forming counterparts.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 59%

“…The successful synthesis of the PEG-PLLA cross-linker was previously proved by 1 H-NMR spectroscopy [13]). Further DMF-GPC-analysis in the current study confirmed a monomodal distribution and narrow dispersity of Ð = 1.08 (M n = 6789 g·mol −1 , M w = 7330 g·mol −1 in comparison to the expected value of 6498 g·mol −1 ; chromatogram not depicted in this publication).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here, we further modified this cement system by the addition of a degradable poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(lactide) (PEG-PLLA) cross-linker, which is thought to further ameliorate the mechanical properties of the system and increase bending strength and ductility [13]. Focusing on HA, which has a high similarity to the mineral component of bone tissue, the following study was performed using α-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP) with a 2.5 wt%-Na 2 HPO 4 -solution as accelerator for the setting process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tough and Elastic α-Tricalcium Phosphate Cement Composites with Degradable PEG-Based Cross-Linker

et al. 2018

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Dual setting cements composed of an in situ forming hydrogel and a reactive mineral phase combine high compressive strength of the cement with sufficient ductility and bending strength of the polymeric network. Previous studies were focused on the modification with non-degradable hydrogels based on 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA). Here, we describe the synthesis of suitable triblock degradable poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(lactide) (PEG-PLLA) cross-linker to improve the resorption capacity of such composites. A study with four different formulations was established. As reference, pure hydroxyapatite (HA) cements and composites with 40 wt% HEMA in the liquid cement phase were produced. Furthermore, HEMA was modified with 10 wt% of PEG-PLLA cross-linker or a test series containing only 25% cross-linker was chosen for composites with a fully degradable polymeric phase. Hence, we developed suitable systems with increased elasticity and 5–6 times higher toughness values in comparison to pure inorganic cement matrix. Furthermore, conversion rate from α-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP) to HA was still about 90% for all composite formulations, whereas crystal size decreased. Based on this material development and advancement for a dual setting system, we managed to overcome the drawback of brittleness for pure calcium phosphate cements.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 59%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tough and Elastic α-Tricalcium Phosphate Cement Composites with Degradable PEG-Based Cross-Linker

et al. 2018

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“…The crosslinking among Ca 2+ and alginate increases the viscosity of the medium in the first stages. In addition, the Ca 2+ incorporated in the crosslinking process with alginate releases PO 4 3− into the medium, contributing to the possibility of a decrease of pH values [ 24 , 26 , 39 ]. This is an important factor to take into account when viability tests of cells are made, since it is a determinant for the survival of the cells in the in vitro tests.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Between the natural polymers, sodium alginate has been studied for many biomedical applications because it is biocompatible, biodegradable and able to form hydrogels. Sodium alginate hydrogels can be prepared under mild conditions by ionic crosslinking and shows a structural similarity to the extracellular matrices of living tissues, which leads to use in applications such as the administration of bioactive agents, the healing of wounds and in tissue engineering [ 13 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the Addition of Alginate and/or Tetracycline on Brushite Cement Properties

et al. 2021

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Calcium phosphate cements have the advantage that they can be prepared as a paste that sets in a few minutes and can be easily adapted to the shape of the bone defect, which facilitates its clinical application. In this research, six formulations of brushite (dicalcium phosphate dihydrated) cement were obtained and the effect of the addition of sodium alginate was analyzed, such as its capacity as a tetracycline release system. The samples that contain sodium alginate set in 4 or 5 min and showed a high percentage of injectability (93%). The cements exhibit compression resistance values between 1.6 and 2.6 MPa. The drug was released in a range between 12.6 and 13.2% after 7 days. The antimicrobial activity of all the cements containing antibiotics was proven. All samples reached values of cell viability above 70 percent. We also observed that the addition of the sodium alginate and tetracycline improved the cell viability.

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Digital Light‐Processing (DLP) 3D Printing of Magnesium Phosphate Minerals and Cements

et al. 2023

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Digital light processing (DLP) enables the fabrication of complex 3D structures based on a photopolymerizable resin usually containing a photo initiator and an UV or photo absorber. The resin and thus the final properties of the printed structures can be adjusted by adding fillers like bioceramic powders relevant for bone‐regeneration applications. Herein, a water‐based and biocompatible poly(ethylene glycol diacrylate) (PEGDA) resin containing the photo initiator lithium‐phenyl‐2,4,6‐trimethylbenzoylphosphinate (LAP) enables the production of 3D structures via DLP. The addition of calcium magnesium phosphate cement (CMPC) powder, acting as photo absorber, leads to higher accuracy of the final structures. After curing the printed construct in a diammonium–hydrogen phosphate (DAHP) bath for hardening, the resulting mechanical properties can be adjusted without post‐process sintering. Solid loading of up to 40 wt% CMPC powder is possible, and the resins are investigated regarding their rheological behavior and printability. The resulting constructs are analyzed in respect to their surface morphology using scanning electron microscope (SEM), porosity, phase composition using X‐ray diffraction (XRD) methods, as well as mechanical properties influenced by the hardening process using DAHP for different durations.

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Highly flexible and degradable dual setting systems based on PEG-hydrogels and brushite cement

Cited by 17 publications

References 56 publications

Tough and Elastic α-Tricalcium Phosphate Cement Composites with Degradable PEG-Based Cross-Linker

Tough and Elastic α-Tricalcium Phosphate Cement Composites with Degradable PEG-Based Cross-Linker

Effect of the Addition of Alginate and/or Tetracycline on Brushite Cement Properties

Digital Light‐Processing (DLP) 3D Printing of Magnesium Phosphate Minerals and Cements

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