Highly Selective All‐Plastic, Disposable, Cu²⁺‐Selective Electrodes

Abstract

Conducting polymers (CP) remain a promising material to construct stable potential all-solid-state ion-selective potentiometric electrodes. The unique properties of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with poly(4-styrenesulfonate) ions, PEDOT-PSS: high CP stability and affinity of doping anions towards Cu 2þ ions, make it highly attractive for construction of all-solid-state copper(II)-selective electrodes with outstanding selectivity. The additional benefits can arise from solution processability of commercially available PEDOT-PSS system. This material was highly promising for a new sensor arrangement, i.e. to obtain disposable, planar and flexible all-plastic Cu 2þ -selective electrodes. These sensors can be obtained by casting a commercially available dispersion of PEDOT-PSS (Baytron P) on a plastic, non-conducting support material. The CP being both electrical lead and ion-to-electron transducer, was covered with plastic, solvent polymeric Cu 2þ selective membrane. This extremely simple arrangement, after conditioning in dilute Cu 2þ solution, was characterized with linear Nernstian responses within the activities range from: 0.1 to 10 À4 M, followed by super-Nernstian responses for lower activities. The latter result points to effective elimination of primary ions leakage from the plastic membrane / transducer phase and has resulted in significantly improved selectivities. Obtained log K

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with a non-extrudable metallacarborane anion electroactive during synthesis

“…The following reagents were employed as received: Cs[Co(C 2 B 9 H 11 ) 2 ] (Cs [1 K ], from Katchem Ltd, Prague) and tetraethylammonium chloride hydrate (NEt 4 Cl!H 2 O), AgNO 3 , LiClO 4 and ferrocene (all from Aldrich). Acetonitrile (from Merck) and EDOT (from Aldrich) were distilled before use.…”

“…Most of its applications rely on the use of PEDOT polystyrenesulfonate [1]. This material was used recently as a component for electrochromic devices [3], disposable electrodes [4], light emitting diodes [5], electronic memories [6], super capacitors [7], electronic [8] or electrochemical logic circuits [9]. On the other hand, the metallacarborane cobaltabisdicarbollide ([3,3 0 -Co(1,2-C 2 B 9 H 11 ) 2 ] K , 1 K -Scheme 1) has interesting features as a doping agent: a regular peanut shape, a weakly-coordinating ability, a large volume, a low charge density and hydrophobicity [10].…”

Dithizone Modified Gold Nanoparticles Films as Solid Contact for Cu2+ Ion‐Selective Electrodes

“…Different nano-or microstructurized materials have been tested as transducers including carbon nanotubes [e.g., [1][2][3][4]22], fullerene C 60 [23], graphene [18,19], threedimensionally ordered macroporous carbon [26], conducting polymers [7][8][9]25,26], or gold nanoparticles modified with simple thiols [6]. In the latter case obtained potassium sensors were characterized with potentiometric dependence slopes close to Nernstian, typical detection limits and selectivities [19].…”

“…This effect was achieved for all-solid-state sensors with conducting polymer transducers using different approaches (e.g. Copper selective sensors have been often applied as a model system [25,27]. 7,25,26], alternatively forming sparingly soluble salt within the conducting polymer layer [27] resulting in sensors characterized with improved analytical performance.…”

Specific recognition of a nucleobase-functionalized poly(3,4-ethylenedioxithiophene) (PEDOT) in aqueous media

“…Different strategies have been developed to incorporate basic PEDOT in chemical sensors [4][5][6][7][8] including the use of PEDOT nanorods 9 and nanotubes, 10 the fabrication of hydrogel bio-electrodes, 11 the development of molecularly imprinted PEDOT-modified electrodes 5 or simple glucose sensors with micromolar sensitivity based on organic electrochemical transistors. 12 A more general strategy involves the fabrication of PEDOT-based sensors by immobilization of recognition units on polymer thin films which are deposited on metal surfaces.…”