Highly sensitive amperometric sensor for morphine detection based on electrochemically exfoliated graphene oxide. Application in screening tests of urine samples

Maccaferri, Giulio; Terzi, Fabio; Xia, Zhenyuan; Vulcano, Fabio; Liscio, Andrea; Palermo, Vincenzo; Zanardi, Chiara

doi:10.1016/j.snb.2018.10.163

Cited by 47 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…These groups support the oxidation of morphine involving charge transfer that is delivered as a current signal. The sensors display a detection limit of 2.5 ppb and sensitivity of 2.61 nA ppb −1 using electrocatalytic processes in a study by Maccaferri et al [190] Interestingly, this work also measured morphine in urine samples that normally contain uric acid. Although the uric acid gives a high signal at a different potential, the morphine signal was very low.…”

Section: Morphine Sensingmentioning

confidence: 77%

Nanoarchitectonics for Abused‐Drug Biosensors

Moradi

Khalili

Septiani

et al. 2021

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analogs). Illicit drugs cause damaging lifetime alterations in the brain, making it very difficult to overcome the addiction without specialized, medical assistance. Drug addiction is a long-lasting, reverting psychiatric disorder and is a major public health issue affecting many elements in society such as health care, productivity, policing, crimes, and accidents. According to 2008 estimations, roughly, 4 million people are using opium globally and 80% of them are living in Asia. Studies have shown a link between opium use and diverse adverse health effects such as different types of cancers including oral, bladder, lung, and gastric cancers. [5][6][7] Opioid derivatives, morphine, codeine, fentanyl, or buprenorphine are effective analgesics for post-operative and cancer pain relief but several studies have highlighted the link between their long-term administration and high abuse potential. [8] Morphine is the most potent analgesic for chronic pain; however, its clinical use is restricted since the opiate naturally brings about tolerance and has severe withdrawal symptoms with a high risk of relapse. Over-the-counter Rapid, accessible, and highly accurate biosensors for the detection of addictive and abused drugs are needed to reduce the adverse personal and societal impacts of addiction. Modern sensors that utilize next-generation technologies, e.g., nanobiotechnology and nanoarchitectonics, have triggered revolutionary progress in the field as they allow accurate detection and tracking of trace levels of major classes of drugs. This paper reviews advances in the field of biosensors for the detection of commonly abused drugs, both prescribed such as codeine and morphine, and illegal narcotics like cocaine.

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Section: Morphine Sensingmentioning

confidence: 77%

Nanoarchitectonics for Abused‐Drug Biosensors

Moradi

Khalili

Septiani

et al. 2021

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“…The practical application of the electrode to the real samples provides an important knowledge about selectivity and accuracy of the method. Therefore, it is necessary to prepare solution as close as its original form so synthetic urine samples were prepared based on the DIN standards as explained in related literature . 100 mL of synthetic urine samples were prepared with following compounds; 2.5 g urea, 0.9 g KCl, 0.3 g NH 4 Cl, 0.3 g Na 2 SO 4 ⋅10 H 2 O, 0.25 g KH 2 PO 4 , 0.25 g K 2 HPO 4 , and 0.035 g uric acid.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Poly(Taurine‐Glutathione)/Carbon Nanotube Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode as a New Levofloxacin Sensor

Koçak

2019

Electroanalysis

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A new highly sensitive and selective electrochemical levofloxacin sensor based on co‐polymer‐carbon nanotube composite electrode was developed. Taurine and Glutathione were electrochemically co‐polymerized on multiwalled carbon nanotubes modified glassy carbon electrode (Poly(TAU‐GSH)/CNT/GCE) and used as a levofloxacin sensor in pH 6 phosphate buffer solution. The new composite electrode surfaces were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Under the optimized conditions, two linear segments were obtained for increasing LEV concentrations between 20 nmol L−1‐1 μmol L−1 and 1.5 μmol L−1‐55 μmol L−1 LEV with a detection limit of 9 nmol L−1 using amperometry. Poly(TAU‐GSH)/CNT/GCE exhibited high sensitivity, selectivity with good stability. The new sensor was employed for real samples of LEV tablets and urine. Promising results were obtained with good accuracy which were also in accordance with LC‐MS/MS analysis.

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“…Electrochemically exfoliated GO has conductive properties even in the absence of an electrochemical reduction protocol due to the presence of a higher density of oxidized moieties. The material allowed the detection of morphine with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.0025 mg L −1 with a paper-based sensor suitable for the detection of the molecule in real case scenarios (Maccaferri et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Nanomaterials For Sensors Design For the Detection Of Drugs mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By using this platform, they have obtained a higher sensitivity and a limit of detection of 8.77 * 10 −6 μmol mL −1 . They also have discovered that the electrocatalytic coating is necessary as modifier for the carbon electrode, for resolving the oxidation peak due to MO oxidation despite the uric acid one (Maccaferri et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Nanomaterials For Sensors Design For the Detection Of Drugs mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tackling the Problem of Sensing Commonly Abused Drugs Through Nanomaterials and (Bio)Recognition Approaches

et al. 2020

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We summarize herein the literature in the last decade, involving the use of nanomaterials and various (bio)recognition elements, such as antibodies, aptamers and molecularly imprinted polymers, for the development of sensitive and selective (bio)sensors for illicit drugs with a focus on electrochemical transduction systems. The use and abuse of illicit drugs remains an increasing challenge for worldwide authorities and, therefore, it is important to have accurate methods to detect them in seized samples, biological fluids and wastewaters. They are recently classified as the latest group of “emerging pollutants,” as their consumption has increased tremendously in recent years. Nanomaterials, antibodies, aptamers and molecularly imprinted polymers have gained much attention over the last decade in the development of (bio)sensors for a myriad of applications. The applicability of these (nano)materials, functionalized or not, has significantly increased, and are therefore highly suitable for use in the detection of drugs. Lately, such functionalized nanoscale materials have assisted in the detection of illicit drugs fingerprints, providing large surface area, functional groups and unique properties that facilitate sensitive and selective sensing. The review discusses the types of commonly abused drugs and their toxicological implications, classification of functionalized nanomaterials (graphene, carbon nanotubes), their fabrication, and their application on real samples in different fields of forensic science. Biosensors for drugs of abuse from the last decade's literature are then exemplified. It also offers insights into the prospects and challenges of bringing the functionalized nanobased technology to the end user in the laboratories or in-field.

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Highly sensitive amperometric sensor for morphine detection based on electrochemically exfoliated graphene oxide. Application in screening tests of urine samples

Cited by 47 publications

References 44 publications

Nanoarchitectonics for Abused‐Drug Biosensors

Nanoarchitectonics for Abused‐Drug Biosensors

Poly(Taurine‐Glutathione)/Carbon Nanotube Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode as a New Levofloxacin Sensor

Tackling the Problem of Sensing Commonly Abused Drugs Through Nanomaterials and (Bio)Recognition Approaches

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