Highly sensitive electrochemical azaperone sensor based on magnetic silica –NH2-CS2 in the ostrich meat and rat plasma and its comparison with HPLC–MS/MS

Abstract

Azaperone is a very important phenylbutanone-based neurotransmitter used in the treatment of some animal (veterinary) clinics. This compound has various nerve and tendon stabilizing agents on livestock and animals. Muscular injection of azaperone is used to reduce stress in livestock and reduce their acting. In the present work, Fe3O4@SiO2-NH2/CS2 nanocomposite was synthesized and thoroughly characterized using FE-SEM, FT-IR, and XRD technique. The glassy carbon electrode was then modified with nanocomposite to fabricate a sensor named GCE/Fe3O4@SiO2-NH2/CS2. The application of modified electrode was tested for analysis of azaperone in ostrich meat and rat plasma. The electrochemical behavior of azaperone was tested using differential pulse and cyclic voltammetry. In Briton–Robinson buffer solution (pH = 6), azaperone had an oxidation peak at 0.82 V. Cyclic voltammetry studies indicated that the azaprone oxidation process on the modified electrode is irreversible. Experimental variables, including pH and accumulation time were optimized by monitoring the cyclic voltammetry responses toward azaperone peak current. Measurement of azaperone by differential pulse voltammetry technique showed linearity of anodic peak current vs. azaperone concentration in a range of 0.01–100.0 μM with detection and quantification limits of 3 nM and 10 nM, respectively. Also, the effect of disturbance of some species as possible interferers on the electrochemical response of azaperone was checked out. Finally, the capability of the fabricated sensor for azaperone measurement was successfully tested in ostrich meat and rat plasma as real samples. Graphical abstract

CuO/Cu/rGO nanocomposite anodic titania nanotubes for boosted non-enzymatic glucose biosensors

“…5,6 The selection and fabrication of nanostructured and electrocatalytic materials are essential steps for non-enzymatic glucose sensors. Numerous attempts have been made to develop nanostructured materials as electrodes to enhance the oxidation rate and durability of active nanostructured materials, such as metals, 7,8 metal alloys, 9,10 metal oxide, 11,12 composite materials 13,14 and carbon-based nanocomposite. 15,16 Among these selected materials, the reduced graphene oxide (rGO) accumulated with the metal oxide (MO) and metal nanoparticles displayed incredible electrocatalysis characteristics for glucose biosensing.…”

Electrochemical Monitoring of Acyclovir in Plasma Samples Using Fe3O4/SiO2 Doped Cu Metal-Organic Framework Sensor

“…Iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe 3 O 4 ) as magnetic metal nanoparticles have received special attention among researchers in terms of their properties, such as easy and fast manufacturing, low toxicity, environmentally friendly and excellent supermagnetic properties. [55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62] Pure magnetic nanoparticles cannot be used in diverse fields due to dipolar-dipolar interactions and the propensity to agglomerate. Covering their surface with SiO2 nanoparticles is one method for preventing the buildup of nanoparticles.…”

“…Considering their negative charge, SiO 2 nanoparticles increase the electrostatic repulsion among magnetic nanoparticles, and thus prevent them from interacting and accumulating. 59 Due to intriguing characteristics like high surface area, regular porous crystalline structures, and high mechanical stability, metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are a new type of organic-inorganic hybrid material that is made by bonding organic ligands and metal ions in a variety of fields like luminescence, catalysis, and the construction of electrochemical sensors. [65][66][67] Regarding the presence of repeated metal ion units in the structure of MOFs, they are electrochemically active and the amount of this activity varies depending on the type of ligands and metal atoms.…”