Highly spin-polarized materials and devices for spintronics^∗

Abstract

The performance of spintronics depends on the spin polarization of the current. In this study half-metallic Co-based full-Heusler alloys and a spin filtering device (SFD) using a ferromagnetic barrier have been investigated as highly spin-polarized current sources. The multilayers were prepared by magnetron sputtering in an ultrahigh vacuum and microfabricated using photolithography and Ar ion etching. We investigated two systems of Co-based full-Heusler alloys, Co 2 Cr 1−x Fe x Al(CCFA(x)) and Co 2 FeSi 1−x Al x (CFSA(x)) and revealed the structure and magnetic and transport properties. We demonstrated giant tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) of up to 220% at room temperature and 390% at 5 K for the magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) using Co 2 FeSi 0.5 Al 0.5 (CFSA(0.5)) Heusler alloy electrodes. The 390% TMR corresponds to 0.81 spin polarization for CFSA(0.5) at 5 K. We also investigated the crystalline structure and local structure around Co atoms by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses, respectively, for CFSA films sputtered on a Cr-buffered MgO (001) substrate followed by post-annealing at various temperatures in an ultrahigh vacuum. The disordered structures in CFSA films were clarified by NMR measurements and the relationship between TMR and the disordered structure was discussed. We clarified that the TMR of the MTJs with CFSA(0.5) electrodes depends on the structure, and is significantly higher for L2 1 than B2 in the crystalline structure. The second part of this paper is devoted to a SFD using a ferromagnetic barrier. The Co ferrite is investigated as a ferromagnetic barrier because of its high Curie temperature and high resistivity. We demonstrate the strong spin filtering effect through an ultrathin insulating ferrimagnetic Co-ferrite barrier at a low temperature. The barrier was prepared by the surface plasma oxidization of a CoFe 2 film deposited on a MgO (001) single crystal substrate, wherein the spinel structure of CoFe 2 O 4 (CFO) and an epitaxial relationship of MgO(001)[100]/CoFe 2 (001)]110]/CFO(001)[100] were induced. A SFD consisting of CoFe 2 /CFO/Ta on a MgO (001) substrate exhibits the inverse TMR of −124% at 10 K when the configuration of the magnetizations of CFO and CoFe 2 changes from parallel to antiparallel. The inverse TMR suggests the negative spin polarization of CFO, which is consistent with the band structure of CFO obtained by first principle calculation. The −124% TMR corresponds to the spin filtering efficiency of 77% by the CFO barrier.

Equiatomic quaternary Heusler alloys: A material perspective for spintronic applications

“…Among these, Heusler alloys have a special importance due to their higher Curie temperatures (TC) and tunable electronic structure [2,3,6]. Since, the prediction of HMF nature in NiMnSb [6], Heusler alloys have received a special attention due to the reasons mentioned above.…”

Structural and magnetic properties of Co2MnSi thin films

“…For instance, the Co 2 MnSi (CMS) full Heusler alloy, which has a Curie temperature of 985 K [1,2], was recently inserted in spintronics devices consisting in magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) containing one or two CMS electrodes and various barriers [3][4][5][6][7][8]. Some Heusler alloys were used as MTJ electrodes with an amorphous Aloxide barrier [9][10][11][12], allowing for a tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) ratio of 159% at 2 K in a CMS/Al-O/CoFe structure [6].…”

Ferromagnetic resonance, transverse bias initial inverse susceptibility and torque studies of magnetic properties of Co2MnSi thin films

“…It has been used in magnetic tunnel junctions with different barriers [2][3][4] where very high TMR ratios are obtained. Furthermore, recently, it was also reported the enhancement of the resistance change area product and large magnetoresistance ratio in current perpendicularto-plane giant magnetoresistance (CPP GMR) in epitaxially grown Co 2 MnSi based trilayers.…”