Hipótesis sobre la convergencia económica: una revisión de los enfoques utilizados

Abstract

RESUMENEl propósito de este artículo es realizar una diferenciación de las hipótesis alternativas que habitualmente se realizan sobre la convergencia, a partir de una revisión de los principales procedimientos metodológicos propuestos. Asimismo, se revisa la evidencia teórica y empírica que soporta a cada una de ellas. Si bien actualmente todas las metodologías continúan siendo ampliamente utilizadas, se observa un marcado interés por parte de los investigadores en el estudio de las técnicas espaciales que permitan incluir fenómenos derivados de la dependencia espacial, tales como efectos umbrales y externalidades.Palabras clave: convergencia, regresiones a la Barro, metodología de Quah, Convergencia estocástica, dependencia espacial. ABSTRACThe goal of this paper is to distinguish among alternatives convergence hypothesis from the foremost procedures proposed. Besides, empirical evidence is reviewed. Although each procedure is used nowadays, researchers seem to be keen on spatial techniques to include those phenomenons arising from spatial dependence such as threshold and externalities.

Sectoral Regional Growth and Convergence in Ecuador: An Analysis of the Intra-Distributive Dynamics of Productivity

“…The theoretical bases on economic growth were developed within the discipline of the economy between the mid-1950s and early 1990s [15]. In that period, two approaches were imposed: models of exogenous and endogenous growth.…”

“…The second approach, of endogenous growth, refers to the hypothesis that "there is an inverse relationship between the per capita growth rate and its initial level, for a set of regions or countries with similar structural characteristics and for a certain period of time" (Rabanal, [15], p. 119). This means, according to Mankiw, Romer and Weill [29] that the convergence process is verified in groups of countries that have certain common characteristics.…”

“…Traditionally, studies on economic growth that are carried out internationally [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] address the issue through the economic convergence hypothesis. The conditional convergence hypothesis "refers to the inverse relationship between the growth rate of per capita income and its initial level, for a set of regions or countries with similar structural characteristics and a specific period of time" [15]. This postulates in general terms the existence of a tendency to reduce economic disparities between countries or regions over time, reaching absolute economic convergence.…”

Identificando clubes de convergencia en Ecuador a nivel cantonal

“…El segundo enfoque, del crecimiento endógeno, se refiere a la hipótesis de que existe una relación inversa entre la tasa de crecimiento per cápita y su nivel inicial, para un conjunto de regiones o países con características estructurales similares y durante un cierto período de tiempo (Rabanal, 2017). Esto significa, según Mankiw, Romer y Weill (1992), que el proceso de convergencia se verifica en grupos de países que tienen ciertas características comunes.…”

Application of the Kernel Density Function for the Analysis of Regional Growth and Convergence in the Service Sector through Productivity

“…Regarding the concept of convergence, according to Rabanal [8], convergence is understood as the inverse relationship between the growth rate of per capita income and its initial value, for a given set of regions and in a given period of time. The conventional way of analyzing and measuring convergence had limitations, in this regard, and to summarize, Quah [9,10] points out that the results in favor of the convergence hypothesis are a consequence of the classic Galton fallacy and that the repetitive 2% convergence rate throughout many studies is the result of a unit root process.…”