Hippocampal Astrocyte Response to Melatonin Following Neural Damage Induction in Rats

Babaee, Abdolrez; Eftekhar-Vaghefi, Seyed Hassan; Asadi-Shekaari, Majid; Shahrokhi, Nader; Dehghani-Soltani, Samereh; Basiri, Mohsen

doi:10.32598/bcn.12.2.986.1

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The protective effect of melatonin on the brain neurons and oligodendrocytes in demyelinating pathology is associated with its anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and antioxidant effects ( Vakilzadeh et al, 2016 ; Babaee et al, 2021 ; Murioz-Jurado et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The anti-inflammatory effect of melatonin is manifested in the inhibition of activation of NF-κB in cells, resulting to a decrease: (a) the synthesis of inflammatory mediators; (b) the level of adhesive molecules ICAM-1 and VCAM-1; (c) the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IFN-γ, IL-17, and IL-22) by T lymphocytes, macrophages and astrocytes and to The number of GM-CFCs in bone marrow and the blood level of monocytes in young and aging mice of experimental groups. an increase the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10 and IL-4) (Escribano et al, 2014;Alvarez-Sanchez et al, 2015, 2017Farez et al, 2015;Xu et al, 2018;Babaee et al, 2021;Murioz-Jurado et al, 2022). Under melatonin influence activity of T-helpers, T-effectors, T-regulatory cells changes and the differentiation of Th17 inhibits in animals with an experimental model of multiple sclerosis (Alvarez-Sanchez et al, 2015;Farez et al, 2015).…”

Section: Neuroinflammatory Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reaction of different cell types of the brain on neurotoxin cuprizone and hormone melatonin treatment in young and aging mice

Labunets

Rodnichenko

Savosko

et al. 2023

Front. Cell. Neurosci.

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IntroductionThe brain myelin and neurons destruction in multiple sclerosis may be associated with the production of neuroinflammatory cells (macrophages, astrocytes, T-lymphocytes) of pro-inflammatory cytokines and free radicals. The age-associated changes of the above cells can influence on the response of nervous system cells to toxic damaging and regulatory factors of humoral/endocrine nature, in particular pineal hormone melatonin. The study aim was (1) to evaluate changes of the brain macrophages, astrocytes, T-cells, neural stem cells, neurons, and central nervous system (CNS) functioning in the neurotoxin cuprizone-treated mice of different age; and (2) to assess in such mice the effects of exogenous melatonin and possible courses of its action.MethodsA toxic demyelination and neurodegeneration model was induced in 129/Sv mice aged 3–5 and 13–15 months by adding cuprizone neurotoxin to their food for 3 weeks. From the 8th day of the cuprizone treatment, melatonin was injected intraperitoneally at 6 p.m. daily, at a dose of 1 mg/kg. The brain GFPA + -cells were evaluated by immunohistochemical method, the proportion of CD11b+, CD3+CD11b+, CD3+, CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+, Nestin+-cells was determined via flow cytometry. Macrophage activity was evaluated by their ability to phagocytose latex beads Morphometric analysis of the brain neurons and the behavioral reactions (“open field” and rotarod tests) were performed. To assess the involvement of the bone marrow and thymus in the action of melatonin, the amount of granulocyte/macrophage colony-forming cells (GM-CFC), and blood monocytes and thymic hormone thymulin were evaluated.Results and discussionThe numbers of the GFAP+-, CD3+-, CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+, CD11b+, CD3+CD11b+, Nestin+-cells and macrophages phagocytic latex beads and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were increased in the brain of young and aging mice under cuprizone influence. The proportion of undamaged neurons within the brain, motor, affective, and exploratory activities, and muscle tone decreased in mice of both ages. Introducing melatonin to mice of any age reduced the number of GFAP+-, CD3+- cells and their subpopulations, macrophage activation, and MDA content. At the same time, the percentage of brain neurons that were unchanged increased as the number of Nestin+ cells decreased. The behavioral responses were also improved. Besides, the number of bone marrow GM-CFC and the blood level of monocytes and thymulin increased. The effects of both neurotoxin and melatonin on the brain astrocytes, macrophages T-cells, and immune system organs as well as the structure and functioning of neurons were more pronounced in the young mice.ConclusionWe have observed the involvement of the astrocytes, macrophages, T-cells, neural stem cells, and neurons in the brain reaction of mice different age after administration of neurotoxin cuprizone and melatonin. The brain cell composition reaction has the age features. The neuroprotective effects of melatonin in cuprizone-treated mice have been realized through an improvement of the brain cell composition and oxidative stress factors and functioning of bone marrow and thymus.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Neuroinflammatory Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reaction of different cell types of the brain on neurotoxin cuprizone and hormone melatonin treatment in young and aging mice

Labunets

Rodnichenko

Savosko

et al. 2023

Front. Cell. Neurosci.

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“…It has been shown that MT production is not associated with the photoperiodic environment, while changes in MT subcellular distribution are due to specifics of their metabolic activity and the formation of toxic oxygen derivatives [9]. The increased MT synthesis and discharge in the brain in the case of acute hypoxia and traumatic brain injury in humans [41] are mediated by stress in which MT acts as a potent neuroprotector and antioxidant [42]. In cultivated neural stem cells from the subventricular zone of adult mice, researchers found a large amount of MT, and its production was even higher when these cells differentiated into mature neurons.…”

Section: Melatonin In the Nervous Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melatonin as the Cornerstone of Neuroimmunoendocrinology

Kvetnoy

Ivanov

Mironova

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Much attention has been recently drawn to studying melatonin – a hormone whose synthesis was first found in the epiphysis (pineal gland). This interest can be due to discovering the role of melatonin in numerous physiological processes. It was the discovery of melatonin synthesis in endocrine organs (pineal gland), neural structures (Purkinje cells in the cerebellum, retinal photoreceptors), and immunocompetent cells (T lymphocytes, NK cells, mast cells) that triggered the evolution of new approaches to the unifield signal regulation of homeostasis, which, at the turn of the 21st century, lead to the creation of a new integral biomedical discipline—neuroimmunoendocrinology. While numerous hormones have been verified over the last decade outside the “classical” locations of their formation, melatonin occupies an exclusive position with regard to the diversity of locations where it is synthesized and secreted. This review provides an overview and discussion of the major data regarding the role of melatonin in various physiological and pathological processes, which affords grounds for considering melatonin as the “cornerstone” on which neuroimmunoendocrinology has been built as an integral concept of homeostasis regulation.

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“…As described above, activated astrocytes lead to the production of inflammatory cytokines and ROSs, which may contribute to secondary neuronal injury. Melatonin treatment after brain injury reduces astrocyte reactivity and cell death in a dose-independent pattern in rat hippocampus and dentate gyrus ( Babaee et al, 2021 ). In addition, melatonin treatment significantly abolished the effects of LPS-induced inflammation, as indicated by decreased cytokine (TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6) and inhibition of NF-κB phosphorylation ( Ali et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Circadian Involved In Inflammatory Response After Ischemic S...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of circadian clock in astrocytes: From cellular functions to ischemic stroke therapeutic targets

et al. 2022

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Accumulating evidence suggests that astrocytes, the abundant cell type in the central nervous system (CNS), play a critical role in maintaining the immune response after cerebral infarction, regulating the blood-brain barrier (BBB), providing nutrients to the neurons, and reuptake of glutamate. The circadian clock is an endogenous timing system that controls and optimizes biological processes. The central circadian clock and the peripheral clock are consistent, controlled by various circadian components, and participate in the pathophysiological process of astrocytes. Existing evidence shows that circadian rhythm controls the regulation of inflammatory responses by astrocytes in ischemic stroke (IS), regulates the repair of the BBB, and plays an essential role in a series of pathological processes such as neurotoxicity and neuroprotection. In this review, we highlight the importance of astrocytes in IS and discuss the potential role of the circadian clock in influencing astrocyte pathophysiology. A comprehensive understanding of the ability of the circadian clock to regulate astrocytes after stroke will improve our ability to predict the targets and biological functions of the circadian clock and gain insight into the basis of its intervention mechanism.

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Hippocampal Astrocyte Response to Melatonin Following Neural Damage Induction in Rats

Cited by 9 publications

References 47 publications

Reaction of different cell types of the brain on neurotoxin cuprizone and hormone melatonin treatment in young and aging mice

Reaction of different cell types of the brain on neurotoxin cuprizone and hormone melatonin treatment in young and aging mice

Melatonin as the Cornerstone of Neuroimmunoendocrinology

The role of circadian clock in astrocytes: From cellular functions to ischemic stroke therapeutic targets

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