Histological, histochemical and fine structure studies of the lacrimal gland and superficial gland of the third eyelid and their significance on the proper function of the eyeball in alpaca (Vicugna pacos)

Klećkowska‐Nawrot, Joanna; Nowaczyk, Renata; Goździewska‐Harłajczuk, Karolina; Krasucki, Krzysztof; Janeczek, Maciej

doi:10.5603/fm.2015.0001

Cited by 9 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…As reported by Gargiulo, Coliolo, Ceccarelli, and Pedini (1999) and Alsafy (2010), the lacrimal gland in the sheep was flattened, oval and red, while in the donkey it was oval and light brown. This was similar to the findings in the alpaca, Wistar rats, roe deer Capreolus capreolus, European bison, American bison and Iranian river buffalo (El-Fadaly et al, 2014;Klećkowska-Nawrot et al, 2013, Klećkowska-Nawrot, Nowaczyk, Goździewska-Harłajczuk, Krasucki, et al 2015, Klećkowska-Nawrot, Nowaczyk, Goździewska-Harłajczuk, Szara, et al 2015Pinard et al, 2003;Shadkhast & Bigham, 2010). Similar observations were made by Kempster et al (2002) in the koala, although the superficial gland in the third eyelid was significantly longer, wider and thicker (20 mm × 11 mm × 5 mm) than the lacrimal gland.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…A similar gland location was found in other animal species (Aldana Marcos et al, 2002;Cazacu, 2010;Dyce et al, 1996;Kempster et al, 2002;Klećkowska-Nawrot & Dzięgiel, 2007;Klećkowska-Nawrot, Nowaczyk, Goździewska-Harłajczuk, Krasucki, et al 2015;Leite, Oliveira, & Baraldi-Artoni, 2013;Martin et al, 1988;Mohammadpour, 2008;Nickel et al, 2004;Nuyttens & Simoens, 1995;Pinard et al, 2003;Schlegel et al, 2001). A similar gland location was found in other animal species (Aldana Marcos et al, 2002;Cazacu, 2010;Dyce et al, 1996;Kempster et al, 2002;Klećkowska-Nawrot & Dzięgiel, 2007;Klećkowska-Nawrot, Nowaczyk, Goździewska-Harłajczuk, Krasucki, et al 2015;Leite, Oliveira, & Baraldi-Artoni, 2013;Martin et al, 1988;Mohammadpour, 2008;Nickel et al, 2004;Nuyttens & Simoens, 1995;Pinard et al, 2003;Schlegel et al, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…The marginal part of the third eyelid in the Sulawesi bear cuscus was pigmented, thick, had a "T" shape and was composed of cartilage, which consisted of an upper and lower branch and a crossbar. Similar findings were observed in red kangaroos, koalas, pigs, dogs, rats and domestic and wild ruminants (Bisaria & Bisaria, 1978;Kempster et al, 2002;Klećkowska-Nawrot & Dzięgiel, 2007;Klećkowska-Nawrot, Nowaczyk, Goździewska-Harłajczuk, Krasucki, et al 2015, Klećkowska-Nawrot, Nowaczyk, Goździewska-Harłajczuk, Szara, et al 2015Nickel et al, 2004;Schlegel et al, 2001;Smollich & Michel, 1992). As reported by , the third eyelid in the red kangaroo also had a "T" shape and was very pigmented and thin.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

“…As reported by , the third eyelid in the red kangaroo also had a "T" shape and was very pigmented and thin. In red kangaroos, dogs and wild ruminants, the bulbar conjunctiva consisted of a non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium with goblet cells (Al-Ramadan, 2015;Al-Ramadan & Ali, 2012;Cazacu, 2010;Klećkowska-Nawrot, Nowaczyk, Goździewska-Harłajczuk, Krasucki, et al 2015, Klećkowska-Nawrot, Nowaczyk, Goździewska-Harłajczuk, Szara, et al 2015). Carnivores and small ruminants were reported to have a similar shape of the third eyelid, while an anchor shape of the third eyelid was found in the pig, alpaca (Vicugna pacos) and European bison (Bison bonasus bonasus) (Constantinescu & McClure, 1990;Klećkowska-Nawrot & Dzięgiel, 2007;Klećkowska-Nawrot, Nowaczyk, Goździewska-Harłajczuk, Krasucki, & Janeczek, 2015;Klećkowska-Nawrot, Nowaczyk, Goździewska-Harłajczuk, Szara, & Olbrych, 2015;Schlegel, Brehm, & Amselgruber, 2001;Thompson, 1958).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microstructure of the eye tunics, eyelids and ocular glands of the Sulawesi bear cuscus (Ailurops ursinusTemminck, 1824) (Phalangeridae: Marsupialia) based on anatomical, histological and histochemical studies

Klećkowska‐Nawrot

Goździewska‐Harłajczuk

Darska

et al. 2018

Acta Zoologica

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This study described the anatomy, histology and the histochemical analysis of the eye tunics, the upper and lower eyelid, the third eyelid, the lacrimal gland and the superficial gland of the third eyelid in adult Sulawesi bear cuscus. The eyeball and the eyelids with the orbital glands were harvested immediately post‐mortem. The eyeball in the Sulawesi bear cuscus had a sphere‐like shape. The pupil was round, and the lens was a circular biconvex body. There was neither tapetum lucidum nor Harderian gland. Similarly, there were no eyelashes in the lower eyelid. The lymphoid follicles and the high endothelial venules (HEV) were found in the lymphoid region only in the third eyelid and in the connective tissue of the superficial gland of the third eyelid. The third eyelid in the bear cuscus resembled the letter “T.” The lacrimal gland and superficial gland of the third eyelid were multilobar tubuloacinar glands. The histological analysis and histochemical studies showed that the lacrimal gland in the Sulawesi bear cuscus produced a mucoserous secretion with predominantly serous cells. In contrast, the superficial gland of the third eyelid produced a serous secretion with a single acinus mucous in character.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Microstructure of the eye tunics, eyelids and ocular glands of the Sulawesi bear cuscus (Ailurops ursinusTemminck, 1824) (Phalangeridae: Marsupialia) based on anatomical, histological and histochemical studies

Klećkowska‐Nawrot

Goździewska‐Harłajczuk

Darska

et al. 2018

Acta Zoologica

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“…The histological studies revealed that the LG had a multilobular tubulo-acinar structure similar to that of the HG. However, the connective tissue of the LG in the Capercaillie contained adipose tissue, which had not been previously described in other birds, but which is characteristic for some mammals, such as the alpaca [27]. The parenchyma of the examined LG did not contain lymphatic or plasma cells.…”

Section: Acta Biologica Hungarica 67 2016mentioning

confidence: 83%

Histological, histochemical and ultrastructural studies on Harderian and lacrimal glands of the Capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus majorL.)

Klećkowska‐Nawrot

Goździewska‐Harłajczuk

Kowalczyk

et al. 2016

Acta Biologica Hungarica

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This study describes the macroscopic anatomy and the microscopic and ultrastructural features of the Harderian gland and lacrimal gland of the Capercaillies. It was conducted both on adult male and female Capercaillies. Tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, azan trichrome, modified Mallory's trichrome, methyl green-pyronin Y, periodic acid-Schiff, alcian blue pH 2.5, aldehyde fuchsin and Hale's dialysed iron. The morphometric study of the Harderian and lacrimal glands indicated that they are both larger in male than in female Capercaillies. The histological analysis showed that the HG has a multilobar tubulo-alveolar structure with numerous lymphocytes and plasma cells. The LG has a multilobar tubulo-acinar structure without lymphocytes and plasma cells. The periodic acid-Schiff staining and alcian blue pH 2.5 staining demonstrated a mild positive reaction in the epithelial cells of the Harderian gland and weak positive reaction in the lacrimal gland. The HDI staining detected the presence of carboxylated acid mucopolysaccharides in the Harderian and lacrimal glands. Transmission electron microscopy revealed the presence of two types of secretory vesicles in the cytoplasm of both studied glands. It also showed that lipid droplets and glycogen granules were more abundant in the Harderian gland than in the lacrimal gland of this species.

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The immunoglobulin A isotype of the Arabian camel (Camelus dromedarius) preserves the dualistic structure of unconventional single-domain and canonical heavy chains

Conca,

Salih,

Al-Rabiah

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Evolutionary processes of adaptive immunity in Camelidae and some cartilaginous fishes resulted in the concurrent expression of classic heavy-light chain heterotetrameric antibodies together with unconventional heavy chain-only homodimeric antibodies of the IgG class. Heavy chain-only IgG bears a single variable domain and lacks the constant heavy (CH) gamma 1 domain required for the covalent pairing with the light chain. It has so far not been reported whether this distinctive feature of IgG is also observed in the IgA isotype. Therefore, gene-specific primers were used to generate a library of IgA heavy chain cDNA derived from RNA extracted from the third eyelid of the dromedary where isolated lymphoid follicles and plasma cells abound at inductive and effector sites, respectively. Majority of the cDNA clones revealed the hallmarks of heavy chain-only antibodies, i.e. camelid-specific amino acid substitutions in framework region 1 and 2, broad length distribution of complementarity determining region 3, and the absence of the CH alpha 1 domain. In a few clones, however, the cDNA of canonical IgA heavy chain was amplified which included the CH alpha 1 domain, analogous to CH gamma 1 domain in dromedary IgG1 subclass. Moreover, we noticed a short, proline-rich hinge, similar to that in human IgA2, and, at the N-terminal end of the CH alpha 3 domain, a unique, camelid-specific pentapeptide consisting of serine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, alanine or threonine, and isoleucine, of undetermined function, designated as the inter-alpha region. Immunoblots using rabbit anti-camel IgA antibodies raised against CH alpha 2 and CH alpha 3 domains as well as the inter-alpha region revealed the expression of a ~52 kDa and a ~60 kDa IgA species, corresponding to unconventional and canonical IgA heavy chain, respectively, in tissue extracts of the third eyelid, trachea, small and large intestine. In contrast, the leporine anti-CH alpha 1 antibody detected canonical, but not unconventional IgA heavy chain, in all the examined tissues, milk, and serum, in addition to another hitherto unexplored species of ~45 kDa in milk and serum. Immunohistology using anti-CH alpha domain antibodies confirmed the expression of both variants of IgA heavy chains in plasma cells in the third eyelid lacrimal gland, and in the lamina propria of conjunctiva, bronchial and intestinal mucosa. We conclude that in the dromedary, the IgA isotype has expanded the immunoglobulin repertoire by co-expressing single-domain unconventional as well as canonical IgA heavy chains, comparable to the IgG class, thus underscoring the crucial role of heavy chain-only antibodies in immune defense not only in circulation but also at the mucosal frontiers.

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Histological, histochemical and fine structure studies of the lacrimal gland and superficial gland of the third eyelid and their significance on the proper function of the eyeball in alpaca (Vicugna pacos)

Cited by 9 publications

References 24 publications

Microstructure of the eye tunics, eyelids and ocular glands of the Sulawesi bear cuscus (Ailurops ursinusTemminck, 1824) (Phalangeridae: Marsupialia) based on anatomical, histological and histochemical studies

Microstructure of the eye tunics, eyelids and ocular glands of the Sulawesi bear cuscus (Ailurops ursinusTemminck, 1824) (Phalangeridae: Marsupialia) based on anatomical, histological and histochemical studies

Histological, histochemical and ultrastructural studies on Harderian and lacrimal glands of the Capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus majorL.)

The immunoglobulin A isotype of the Arabian camel (Camelus dromedarius) preserves the dualistic structure of unconventional single-domain and canonical heavy chains

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