Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Evaluation of 53 Cases of Feline Lymphoplasmacytic Enteritis and Low-Grade Alimentary Lymphoma

Briscoe, Katherine; Krockenberger, M. B.; Beatty, Julia A.; Crowley, Ann M.; Dennis, Michelle M.; Canfield, P.J.; Dhand, Navneet K.; Lingard, Amy E; Barrs, Vanessa R.

doi:10.1016/j.jcpa.2010.12.011

Cited by 49 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Additionally, apart from being the morphologically closest form to that of human CD, in another study in parallel to the one presented here, this immunopathological form showed a surprisingly narrow range of variability in the age at slaughter, suggestive of a nearly unimpaired course of the disease [3]. Hence, unsuccessful but strong cell-mediated immune responses occurring in lymphoplasmacytic lesions [24], [44], [45] might represent the purest trans-specific form of intestinal inflammatory disease in ruminants, similar to those observed in monogastric domestic species [46], [47] and humans [48]. In this sense, we think that replacing the lymphocyti c and multibacillary terms proposed by González et al, (2005) [24] with the denomination of lymphoplasmacytic and hystiocytic , respectively by using exclusively pathological terms would be more descriptive and scientifically useful and would also unify terminology with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), throughout all species presenting this type of disease independently of the presence of mycobacteria.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Specific Antibody and Interferon-Gamma Responses Associated with Immunopathological Forms of Bovine Paratuberculosis in Slaughtered Friesian Cattle

2013

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Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) infection causes a chronic granulomatous inflammatory regional enteritis in ruminants. Cell-mediated immune responses are assumed to be protective and therefore, to be associated with its more delimited lesion types, while humoral responses are mainly associated with diffuse histopathological lesions. However, this duality of immune responses has been recently questioned. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between both types of immunological responses and the type and extension of intestinal lesions and the presence of MAP in bovine tissues. Standard histopathological examinations, two microbiological procedures (culture and real time PCR (rtPCR)), as well as MAP specific antibody and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) release assays (IGRA) were performed on tissues and blood of 333 slaughtered Holstein-Friesian animals. Paratuberculous lesions were observed in 176 (52.9%) of the animals and overall MAP detection rates were estimated at 13.5% and 28.5% for tissue culture and rtPCR, respectively. Unlike the relatively constant non-specific IFN-γ release, both the antibody levels and the specific IFN-γ release significantly increased with tissue damage. Delimited immunopathological forms, which accounted for 93.2% of all forms, were mostly related to positive testing in the IGRA (38.4%) whereas diffuse ones (6.8%) were associated with antibody seropositivity (91.7%). However, since the frequency of positive immune responses in both tests increased as the lesions severity increased, polarization of Th1/Th2 responses was less prominent than expected. MAP was detected in the majority of ELISA-positive animals (culture+: 90%, rtPCR+: 85%) but the bacteria was only confirmed in the 36.1% of IGRA-positive animals by any of the two microbiological tests. In terms of diagnosis, the antibody test was a good indicator of advanced tissue damage (diffuse forms), but the IGRA did not associate well with more delimited forms or with MAP detection.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Specific Antibody and Interferon-Gamma Responses Associated with Immunopathological Forms of Bovine Paratuberculosis in Slaughtered Friesian Cattle

2013

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“…38 Other studies identified between 63% and 75% of gastrointestinal lymphomas as having a T-cell phenotype, but these studies also examined the stomach, which is known to have a higher incidence of B-cell lymphomas in dogs and cats. 4,11,20,39,44 The only statistically significant morphologic parameter for differentiating IBD from lymphoma was the presence of intraepithelial infiltrations in both surface and crypt epithelium. In contrast to cats, a significant number of dogs with a diagnosis of IBD based on the combined HE, IHC, and PARR results exhibited marked intraepithelial infiltrates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinguishing Intestinal Lymphoma From Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Canine Duodenal Endoscopic Biopsy Samples

et al. 2014

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Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and intestinal lymphoma are intestinal disorders in dogs, both causing similar chronic digestive signs, although with a different prognosis and different treatment requirements. Differentiation between these 2 conditions is based on histopathologic evaluation of intestinal biopsies. However, an accurate diagnosis is often difficult based on histology alone, especially when only endoscopic biopsies are available to differentiate IBD from enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma (EATL) type 2, a small cell lymphoma. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of histopathology; immunohistochemistry (IHC) for CD3, CD20, and Ki-67; and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for antigen receptor rearrangement (T-cell clonality) in the differential diagnosis of severe IBD vs intestinal lymphoma. Endoscopic biopsies from 32 dogs with severe IBD or intestinal lymphoma were evaluated. The original diagnosis was based on microscopic examination of hematoxylin and eosin (HE)-stained sections alone followed by a second evaluation using morphology in association with IHC for CD3 and CD20 and a third evaluation using PCR for clonality. Our results show that, in contrast to feline intestinal lymphomas, 6 of 8 canine small intestinal lymphomas were EATL type 1 (large cell) lymphomas. EATL type 2 was uncommon. Regardless, in dogs, intraepithelial lymphocytes were not an important diagnostic feature to differentiate IBD from EATL as confirmed by PCR. EATL type 1 had a significantly higher Ki-67 index than did EATL type 2 or IBD cases. Based on the results of this study, a stepwise diagnostic approach using histology as the first step, followed by immunophenotyping and determining the Ki67 index and finally PCR for clonality, improves the accuracy of distinguishing intestinal lymphoma from IBD in dogs.

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“…Possible explanations for the higher number of perforations in dogs in our case series include less frequent performance of ileoscopy in cats because of equipment limitations, reticence in performing colonic preparation in cats, prioritization of full thickness biopsies in cats with muscularis thickening, and reporting bias . It is also possible that samples are collected less frequently from cats because of challenges in differentiating inflammatory bowel disease from small cell lymphoma, as well as similarities in their treatment and outcome . Larger longitudinal studies will be required to determine the relative prevalence of ICC perforations in dogs versus cats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ileal biopsies have been found to improve diagnosis of small bowel disease in dogs and cats, and thus ileoscopy is recommended as part of endoscopic characterization of diffuse small intestinal diseases . However, ileoscopy is a technically challenging procedure that might prolong the duration of general anesthesia and increase the risk of complications .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multicenter retrospective evaluation of ileocecocolic perforations associated with diagnostic lower gastrointestinal endoscopy in dogs and cats

Woolhead

Whittemore

Stewart

2020

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background Ileoscopy is increasingly performed in dogs and cats with gastrointestinal signs, but iatrogenic ileocecocolic (ICC) perforations have not been described. Hypothesis/Objectives To characterize endoscopic ICC perforations in dogs and cats. Animals Thirteen dogs and 2 cats. Methods This is a retrospective case series. Signalment, presentation, endoscopic equipment, colonic preparation, endoscopist's experience level, ileal intubation technique, method of diagnosis, perforation location, histopathology, management, and outcome data were collected and reviewed. Results Six ileal, 5 cecal, and 4 colonic perforations were identified between 2012 and 2019. Dogs weighed 2.4‐26 kg (median, 10.3 kg) and cats 4.6‐5.1 kg (median, 4.9 kg). Endoscopy was performed in dogs presented for vomiting (n = 4), as well as large (n = 5), mixed (n = 4), and small (n = 1) bowel diarrhea. Cats had large bowel diarrhea. Endoscopists included 1 supervised intern, 9 supervised internal medicine residents (2 first year, 6 second year, 1 third year), and 5 internal medicine diplomates. Diagnosis was delayed in 5 dogs, occurring 1‐5 days after endoscopy (median, 3 days); dogs were presented again with inappetence (n = 4), lethargy (n = 4), abdominal pain (n = 3), retching (n = 2), and syncope (n = 1). All animals underwent surgical correction. Histopathology did not identify lesions at the perforation site in any animal. Two dogs required a second surgery; 1 died 12 hours after surgery. Survival to discharge was 93%, with 78% surviving ≥8 months. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Iatrogenic endoscopic ICC perforation is not indicative of underlying disease and is associated with a good prognosis. Delayed diagnosis can occur. Therefore, perforation should be considered in the differential diagnosis for animals with clinical deterioration after endoscopy.

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Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Evaluation of 53 Cases of Feline Lymphoplasmacytic Enteritis and Low-Grade Alimentary Lymphoma

Cited by 49 publications

References 38 publications

Specific Antibody and Interferon-Gamma Responses Associated with Immunopathological Forms of Bovine Paratuberculosis in Slaughtered Friesian Cattle

Specific Antibody and Interferon-Gamma Responses Associated with Immunopathological Forms of Bovine Paratuberculosis in Slaughtered Friesian Cattle

Distinguishing Intestinal Lymphoma From Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Canine Duodenal Endoscopic Biopsy Samples

Multicenter retrospective evaluation of ileocecocolic perforations associated with diagnostic lower gastrointestinal endoscopy in dogs and cats

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