Historical assessment of Chinese and Japanese flood management policies and implications for managing future floods

Luo, Pingping; He, Bin; Takara, Kaoru; Xiong, Yin E.; Nover, Daniel; Duan, Weili; Fukushi, Kensuke

doi:10.1016/j.envsci.2014.12.015

Cited by 92 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The RLs of T max estimated using the meteorological station temperatures are greater than 50 • C in Jacobabad, Mohenjo Daro, Padidan, and Nawabshah and greater than 45 • C in Rohri, Hy- Our results predict extremely high values of T max and TW max in the region. The T max extremes contribute to an increased rate of evaporation, which in turn may intensify the hydrological cycle, causing precipitation events and flooding (Cheema et al, 2012;Luo et al, 2015b). Additionally, crop varieties need to be changed under such a hot climate to avoid the risks of temperature extremes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Return levels of temperature extremes in southern Pakistan

Zahid¹,

Blender²,

Lucarini

et al. 2017

Earth Syst. Dynam.

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Abstract. Southern Pakistan (Sindh) is one of the hottest regions in the world and is highly vulnerable to temperature extremes. In order to improve rural and urban planning, it is useful to gather information about the recurrence of temperature extremes. In this work, return levels of the daily maximum temperature T max are estimated, as well as the daily maximum wet-bulb temperature TW max extremes. We adopt the peaks over threshold (POT) method, which has not yet been used for similar studies in this region. Two main datasets are analyzed: temperatures observed at nine meteorological stations in southern Pakistan from 1980 to 2013, and the ERA-Interim (ECMWF reanalysis) data for the nearest corresponding locations. The analysis provides the 2-, 5-, 10-, 25-, 50-, and 100-year return levels (RLs) of temperature extremes. The 90 % quantile is found to be a suitable threshold for all stations. We find that the RLs of the observed T max are above 50 • C at northern stations and above 45 • C at the southern stations. The RLs of the observed TW max exceed 35 • C in the region, which is considered as a limit of survivability. The RLs estimated from the ERA-Interim data are lower by 3 to 5 • C than the RLs assessed for the nine meteorological stations. A simple bias correction applied to ERA-Interim data improves the RLs remarkably, yet discrepancies are still present. The results have potential implications for the risk assessment of extreme temperatures in Sindh.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Return levels of temperature extremes in southern Pakistan

Zahid¹,

Blender²,

Lucarini

et al. 2017

Earth Syst. Dynam.

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“…It is important to remark that this rapid development in geostatistical techniques has been possible due to the intensive improvement of remote sensing (RS) techniques and geographic information system (GIS) databases [38][39][40]. Thus, there is no point to obviate the discussion about the impact of rainfall scenarios and land-use change on hydrologic responses in degraded catchments in order to design correct management policies and implications of the population [41][42][43].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the Spatiotemporal Effects of Land Use Changes on Runoff and Nitrate Loads in the Talar River

Kavian

Mohammadi

Gholami

et al. 2018

Water

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This research surveyed the effects of land use changes on flow nitrate pollution in the Talar River (northern Iran), using Landsat images of 1991 and 2013 and the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). The results indicated that forest areas decreased by 14.9% and irrigated crops, dry land farming areas, range lands and residential areas increased by 46.8%, 31.1%, 4.7% and 17.5%, respectively. To calibrate and validate the studied period, the Nash Sutcliffe model efficiency (NSE) and coefficient of determination (R 2 ) were applied, ranging from 0.57 to 0.75 and from 0.62 to 0.76 for flow simulation and 0.84 and 0.63 and 0.75 and 0.83 for nitrate simulation, respectively. The results of land use scenarios indicated that respective water flow and nitrate loads increased by 34. 4% and 42.2% in 1991-2013 and may even increase by 42.3% and 55.9% in the simulated period of 2013-2050 in all sub-basins. It is likely that the main reason for these results was due to the increase in agricultural activities and the decrease in forestry areas. Our findings showed the useful combination of modelling techniques (land cover changes and SWAT) to develop valuable maps able to design correct land management plans and nature-based solutions for water quality of runoff water harvesting systems in the future.

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“…Teleconnections are statistical associations among climate variables separated by large distances and are a consequence of the large-scale dynamics of the ocean and atmosphere linking disparate regional climates into one unified, global climatic system [7,8]. Numerous studies have shown that climate variability has a strong impact on basin water resources through changes in hydrologic variables [9][10][11][12]. The glacier mass balance variability could be a reflection of low-frequency climatic fluctuations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Mass Balance of Glacier No. 1 at the Headwaters of the Urumqi River in Relation to Northern Hemisphere Teleconnection Patterns

Yuan

Hao

Berndtsson

et al. 2016

Water

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Most small glaciers in the world have significantly decreased their volume during the last century, which has caused water shortage problems. Glacier No. 1, at the headwaters of the Urumqi River, Tianshan, China, has been monitored since 1959 and similarly has experienced significant mass and volume losses over the last few decades. Thus, we examined the trend and potential abrupt changes of the mass balance of Glacier No. 1. Principal component analysis and singular value decomposition were used to find significant relations between the mass balance of Glacier No. 1 and Northern Hemisphere teleconnection patterns using climate indices. It was found that the mass balance of Glacier No. 1 had a significantly decreasing trend corresponding to´14.5 mm/year from 1959 to 2010. A change point was detected in 1997 with 99% confidence level. Two time periods with different mass balances were identified as 1959-1996 and 1997-2010. The mass balance for the first period was´136.4 mm/year and up to´663.9 mm/year for the second period. The mass balance of Glacier No. 1 is positively related to the Scandinavian Pattern (SCA), and negatively related to the East Atlantic Pattern (EA). These relationships are useful in better understanding the interaction between glacier mass balance and climate variability.

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Historical assessment of Chinese and Japanese flood management policies and implications for managing future floods

Cited by 92 publications

References 51 publications

Return levels of temperature extremes in southern Pakistan

Return levels of temperature extremes in southern Pakistan

Assessment of the Spatiotemporal Effects of Land Use Changes on Runoff and Nitrate Loads in the Talar River

The Mass Balance of Glacier No. 1 at the Headwaters of the Urumqi River in Relation to Northern Hemisphere Teleconnection Patterns

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