Historical review: Does falciparum malaria destroy isolated tribal populations?

Shanks, G. Dennis

doi:10.1016/j.tmaid.2016.08.003

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Adanya kematian ini membuat mereka melakukan belangun lagi, mencari lokasi yang baru, seluruh keluarga juga ikut belangun, akhirnya mereka semua kelaparan dan dapat mengakibatkan kematian beruntun. (Pratama, 2019;Shanks, 2016;Weningtyastuti, 2017) Melihat kondisi demikian, Pemerintah Daerah dan perusahaan swasta setempat mengupayakan meningkatkan kualitas kehidupan SAD dengan cara mengajak SAD untuk hidup menetap di desa. Tahun 2013, sebuah perusahaan kayu besar di desa Mentawak, Kabupaten Merangin mendirikan 11 rumah, namun jumlah ini masih kurang karena jumlah warga SAD disana ada 31 keluarga.…”

Section: Hasil Aspek Sosial Budaya Pada Suku Anak Dalamunclassified

Gambaran Sosial Budaya Suku Anak Dalam Tentang Malaria Dan Pengendaliannya Di Provinsi Jambi

Shinta¹,

Manalu²

2021

jek

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ABSTRACT The malaria control program is focused on achieving malaria elimination as an effort to create a healthy living community, free from malaria transmission, which process is carried out in stages until 2030. The Suku Anak Dalam (SAD) currently still have a fairly large population and they are stillclassified as isolated communities, because most of them live nomadic (moving) in the forest with a culture that is still underdeveloped, still not free from malaria. This article is to provide information about the handling of malaria problems in SAD and its control policy efforts in dealing with malaria elimination. This article is a literature review, search from books, theses, journals, research reports and government policies that are accessed through online sites. Information is not limited by year, because it was related to the history of SAD. The results of the review : The prevalence of malaria in SAD is still high, due to the belangun/melangun tradition, lack of education and knowledge, difficult access to health care facilities, and inadequate facilities and infrastructure. The success of the malaria elimination program in SAD will depend on the support of stakeholders, both from the Puskesmas, the Health Office, and the local government in budget allocation. The commitment of all parties is still needed to support the malaria eradication program by strengthening human resources: educators, health workers to overcome obstacles in efforts to achieve malaria elimination in SAD areas. Keywords: Social cultural, suku anak dalam, malaria ABSTRAK Program pengendalian malaria difokuskan untuk mencapai eliminasi malaria sebagai upaya mewujudkan masyarakat hidup sehat, terbebas dari penularan malaria, yang prosesnya dilakukan secara bertahap sampai tahun 2030. Di sisi lain, masih ada Suku Anak Dalam (SAD) di Jambi yang hidup terisolir, nomaden (berpindah-pindah) di dalam hutan dengan budaya yang masih terbelakang, dan belum terbebas dari malaria. Penulisan ini untuk memberikan informasi tentang penanganan permasalahan malaria pada SAD dan upaya kebijakan pengendaliannya dalam menghadapi eliminasi malaria. Tulisan ini merupakan kajian literatur, penelusuran dari buku, skripsi/tesis, Jurnal, hasil laporan penelitian dan kebijakan pemerintah yang diakses melalui situs online. Informasi tidak dibatasi oleh tahun terbit karena bertalian dengan sejarah SAD. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa kejadian malaria di SAD Jambi disebabkan oleh tradisi belangun/melangun, pendidikan dan pengetahuan yang terbatas, sulitnya akses menuju fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan, serta sarana dan prasarana yang belum memadai. Keberhasilan program eliminasi malaria di SAD akan sangat tergantung dari dukungan stakeholder, baik dari Puskesmas, Dinas Kesehatan, Pemerintah Daerah setempat dalam pengalokasian anggaran. Oleh karena itu diperlukan komitmen semua pihak untuk mendukung program upaya pembrantasan malaria dengan penguatan sumber daya manusia : tenaga pendidik, tenaga kesehatan untuk mengatasi hambatan dalam upaya mencapai eliminasi malaria di wilayah SAD. Kata kunci: Sosial budaya, Suku Anak Dalam, malaria

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Section: Hasil Aspek Sosial Budaya Pada Suku Anak Dalamunclassified

Gambaran Sosial Budaya Suku Anak Dalam Tentang Malaria Dan Pengendaliannya Di Provinsi Jambi

Shinta¹,

Manalu²

2021

jek

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“…This is important because in the Venezuelan Amazon rainforest, P. falciparum has been reported to have a higher prevalence among the Yanomami than other ethnic groups [33]. Unfortunately, as illegal mining and timber operations have moved into the forests of the Yanomami indigenous territory, the periodic introduction of P. falciparum has increased [37]. Future studies are needed to evaluate the impact of this increased exposure to P. falciparum on the health of Yanomami children.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Prospective assessment of malaria infection in a semi-isolated Amazonian indigenous Yanomami community: Transmission heterogeneity and predominance of submicroscopic infection

et al. 2020

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In the Amazon basin, indigenous forest-dwelling communities typically suffer from a high burden of infectious diseases, including malaria. Difficulties in accessing these isolated ethnic groups, such as the semi-nomadic Yanomami, make official malaria data largely underestimated. In the current study, we longitudinally surveyed microscopic and submicroscopic malaria infection in four Yanomami villages of the Marari community in the northern-most region of the Brazilian Amazon. Malaria parasite species-specific PCR-based detection of ribosomal and non-ribosomal targets showed that approximately 75% to 80% of all malaria infections were submicroscopic, with the ratio of submicroscopic to microscopic infection remaining stable over the 4-month follow-up period. Although the prevalence of malaria infection fluctuated over time, microscopically-detectable parasitemia was only found in children and adolescents, presumably reflecting their higher susceptibility to malaria infection. As well as temporal variation, the prevalence of malaria infection differed significantly between villages (from 1% to 19%), demonstrating a marked heterogeneity at micro-scales. Over the study period, Plasmodium vivax was the most commonly detected malaria parasite species, followed by P. malariae, and much less frequently P. falciparum. Consecutive blood samples from 859 out of the 981 studied Yanomami showed that malaria parasites were detected in only 8% of the previously malaria-positive individuals, with most of them young children (median age 3 yrs). Overall, our results show that molecular tools are more sensitive for the identification of malaria infection among the Yanomami, which is characterized by heterogeneous transmission, a predominance of low-density infections, circulation of multiple malaria parasite species, and a higher susceptibility in young children. Our findings are important for the design and implementation

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“…Since time immemorial, insects pestered humans and brought disease, potentially devastating communities [ 1 ]. In 2020, there were 241 million malaria cases and 627,000 deaths worldwide [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The oral repellent – science fiction or common sense? Insects, vector-borne diseases, failing strategies, and a bold proposition

Bauer

2023

Trop Dis Travel Med Vaccines

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Over the last decades, unimaginable amounts of money have gone into research and development of vector control measures, repellents, treatment, and vaccines for vector borne diseases. Technological progress and scientific breakthroughs allowed for ever more sophisticated and futuristic strategies. Yet, each year, millions of people still die or suffer from potentially serious consequences of malaria or dengue to more recent infections, such as zika or chikungunya, or of debilitating consequences of neglected tropical diseases. This does not seem value for money. In addition, all current vector control strategies and personal protection methods have shortcomings, some serious, that are either destructive to non-target species or unsatisfactory in their effectiveness. On the other hand, the rapid decline in insect populations and their predators reflects decades-long aggressive and indiscriminate vector control. This major disruption of biodiversity has an impact on human life not anticipated by the well-meaning killing of invertebrates. The objective of this paper is to re-examine current control methods, their effectiveness, their impact on biodiversity, human and animal health, and to call for scientific courage in the pursuit of fresh ideas. This paper brings together topics that are usually presented in isolation, thereby missing important links that offer potential solutions to long-standing problems in global health. First, it serves as a reminder of the importance of insects to human life and discusses the few that play a role in transmitting disease. Next, it examines critically the many currently employed vector control strategies and personal protection methods. Finally, based on new insights into insect chemo-sensation and attractants, this perspective makes a case for revisiting a previously abandoned idea, the oral repellent, and its use via currently successful methods of mass-application. The call is out for focused research to provide a powerful tool for public health, tropical medicine, and travel medicine.

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Historical review: Does falciparum malaria destroy isolated tribal populations?

Cited by 4 publications

References 35 publications

Gambaran Sosial Budaya Suku Anak Dalam Tentang Malaria Dan Pengendaliannya Di Provinsi Jambi

Gambaran Sosial Budaya Suku Anak Dalam Tentang Malaria Dan Pengendaliannya Di Provinsi Jambi

Prospective assessment of malaria infection in a semi-isolated Amazonian indigenous Yanomami community: Transmission heterogeneity and predominance of submicroscopic infection

The oral repellent – science fiction or common sense? Insects, vector-borne diseases, failing strategies, and a bold proposition

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