History of the Women’s Health Movement in the 20th Century

Nichols, Francine H.

doi:10.1111/j.1552-6909.2000.tb02756.x

Cited by 41 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…As a result of the women’s health movement during the 1980s, in the United States, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) established the Office of Research on Women’s Health in 1990 and Congress passed the NIH Revitalization Act obligating the inclusion of women in NIH-funded research in 1993 [13]. Similar attempts to address the absence of female animals and/or in basic science studies were addressed by policy changes initiated by the NIH in 2015 [14].…”

Section: Historical Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Sex hormone therapy and progression of cardiovascular disease in menopausal women

et al. 2016

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One of the most controversial health decisions facing women is deciding upon the use of hormonal treatments for symptoms of menopause. This brief review focuses on the historical context of use of menopausal hormone treatments (MHT), summarizes results of major observational, primary and secondary prevention studies of MHT and cardiovascular (CV) outcomes, provides evidence for how sex steroids modulate CV function and identifies challenges for future research. As medicine enters an era of personalization of treatment options, additional research into sex differences in the aetiology of CV diseases will lead to better risk identification for CV disease in women and identify whether a woman might receive CV benefit from specific formulations and doses of MHT.

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Section: Historical Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Sex hormone therapy and progression of cardiovascular disease in menopausal women

et al. 2016

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“…Decade for Women and subsequent world conferences, the implementation of the Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), and the adoption of a stand-alone goal for women's empowerment and gender equality in the SDGs was largely due to the collective action of women's organisations. [69][70][71][72] Social movements have been key to gains in gender equality and improvements in public health, such as the international women's health movement73 and the AIDS movement within a broader…”

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confidence: 99%

Gender equality and gender norms: framing the opportunities for health

et al. 2019

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The Sustainable Development Goals offer the global health community a strategic opportunity to promote human rights, advance gender equality, and achieve health for all. The inability of the health sector to accelerate progress on a range of health outcomes brings into sharp focus the significant impact of gender inequalities and restrictive gender norms on health risks and behaviours. In this paper we draw on evidence from the Series on Gender Equality, Norms and Health to dispel three myths on gender and health and describe persistent barriers to progress. We propose an agenda for action to reduce gender inequality and shift gender norms for improved health outcomes, calling on leaders in national governments, global health institutions, civil society organisations, academia, and the corporate sector to 1) focus on health outcomes and engage actors across sectors to achieve them; 2) reform the workplace and workforce to be more gender equitable; 3) fill gaps in data and eliminate gender bias in research; 4) fund civil society actors and social movements; and 5) strengthen accountability mechanisms. Paper 5 Lancet Series on Gender Equality, Norms and Health Key Messages of the Series • Gender norms and inequalities affect health outcomes for girls and women, boys and men, and gender minorities.

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“…Gender bias in medical studies became a serious concern in the 1980s and 1990s. Many changes occurred in US health policy as a direct result of evidence of discrimination against women in terms of their participation in medical studies (Nichols, 2000). Activists in the women's health movement documented injustices regarding women's exclusion from clinical trials funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH).…”

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confidence: 99%

Is there still gender bias in nursing research? An update

Polit

Beck

2012

Research in Nursing & Health

201

240

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Data from 300 studies published in four research journals in 2010-2011 were analyzed to assess whether nurse researchers continue to oversample females. One-third of the studies had samples that were 100% female and, on average, 74% of all study participants were female. As was found for studies published 5 years earlier, the bias against male participants was consistent across studies differing in methods, specialty areas, funding, and sample characteristics. Studies with male first authors, however, were significantly less likely to have biased samples. Authors of only 23.6% of studies with mixed-sex samples provided information about sex differences in outcomes. Because of gender bias, the evidence base for nursing practice may suffer from problems with generalizability.

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History of the Women’s Health Movement in the 20th Century

Cited by 41 publications

References 26 publications

Sex hormone therapy and progression of cardiovascular disease in menopausal women

Sex hormone therapy and progression of cardiovascular disease in menopausal women

Gender equality and gender norms: framing the opportunities for health

Is there still gender bias in nursing research? An update

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