HIV-1, HIV-2, and HTLV-I Infection in High-Risk Groups in Brazil

Cortes, Jorge; Detels, Roger; Aboulafia, David M.; Xl, Li; Moudgil, Tarsem; Alam, Masud; Bonecker, C; Gonzaga, Augusto Luiz; Oyafuso, Luiza Keiko; Tondo, Matteo

doi:10.1056/nejm198904133201501

Cited by 144 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Cortes et al 4 in a serologic screening among AIDS high risk patients also investigated HTLV-l antibodies, detected chiefly in hemophiliac patients; SP is not mentioned. Castro et al3 studied 16 cases with SP and 13 MS cases with spinal cord involvement; HTLV-l serumpositivity was detected in 6 SP patients and in one MS case.…”

Section: Commentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

HTLV-1 antibodies in serum and cerebrospinal fluid in tropical spastic paraparesis in Brazil

Spina-França

Livramento

Machado

et al. 1990

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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SUMMARY -HTLV-l antibodies were investigated in serum and in CSF of 150 patients with neurologic disorders mainly myelopathies. The patients were considered into three groups according to the possible relationship of their disease to the presence of HTLV-l antibodies: no relationship risk (control group), occasional risk group, and possible risk group. In this latter are 56 patients with crural spastic paraparesis or paraplegia of unknown etiology (SP). HTLV-l antibodies were tested by the passive particle-agglutination method for anti-ATLA antibody detection. The search was negative in all patients of the control group, and positive (serum and/or CSF) in 16.5% of the patients from the second group and in 55.4% of the SP patients group. Clinical patterns in SP cases with HTLV-l antibodies were those of tropical spastic paraparesis (TSP). CSF patterns considered (cytology, protein content and gamma-globulins rate) were different between TSP group with HTLV-l antibodies in CSF and SP group with no HTLV-l antibodies detection either in serum or in CSF. The difference was significant. Results of this investigation confirm the high incidence of TSP in Brazil, and bring additional indication for searching HTLV-l antibodies in the CSF.HTLV-l anticorpos no soro e no liquido cefalorraqueano na paraparesis espástica tropical no Brasil.RESUMO -Foi pesquisada a presença de HTLV-l anticorpos no soro e no LCR de 150 pacientes com afeccões do sistema nervoso, particularmente mielopatias. Os pacientes foram considerados segundo três grupos, de acordo com a possível relação entre a doença e a presença de HTLV-l anticorpos: sem risco de relação (grupo controle); grupo de risco ocasional; grupo de risco possível. Este último abrange 56 pacientes com paraparesia ou paraplegia crural espástica de etiologia não esclarecida (PE). Foi utilizada para a pesquisa a técnica de aglutinação passiva de partículas para anti-ATLA anticorpo, sendo obtidos os seguintes resultados: não foram detectados HTLV-l anticorpos no grupo controle e foram detectados (soro e/ou LCR) em 16,5% dos pacientes do segundo grupo e em 55,4% daqueles do terceiro grupo. O quadro clínico dos pacientes com PE e HTLV-l anticorpos era compatível a paraparesia espática tropical (PET). Foi verificada diferença significativa quanto a dados do exame de LCR (citologia, concentração proteica e teor de globulinas gama) ao se compararem os pacientes com PET com HTLV-l anticorpos no LCR àqueles com PE em que tais anticorpos não foram detectados nem no soro e nem no LCR. Os resultados deste estudo confirmam a elevada incidência da PET no Brasil o ilustram a necessidade da pesquisa desses anticorpos também no LCR.In the last five years it has been emphasized the retrovirus HTLV-l serumposivity in several groups of patients with crural spastic paraparesis or paraplegia (SP). The HTLV-l antibodies were searched once in each case in CSF (150) and in serum samples (97). Passive particle-agglutination technic for anti-ATLA antibody detection (Fujirebio, Japan) was used. As preconized, se...

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Section: Commentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

HTLV-1 antibodies in serum and cerebrospinal fluid in tropical spastic paraparesis in Brazil

Spina-França

Livramento

Machado

et al. 1990

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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“…A person's sexual orientation determines, in part, the type of sexual acts that person is willing to engage in and the partners with whom that person has sex.6 9 The HIV rates were significantly higher among the homosexually and bisexually oriented prostitutes, who were also more likely to engage in receptive anal intercourse than were their heterosexually oriented peers. While the data initially indicated a relationship between HIV infection and sexual orientation, these bivariate relationships were nonsignificant once a measure of receptive anal sex with either a paying or a nonpaying partner was evaluated simultaneously in the multivariate model.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3][4] Although considerably less is known about male prostitution,5-' the emphasis on females has led researchers to neglect the possible importance of their male counterparts in transmitting human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other sexually transmitted diseases into heterosexual, homosexual, and bisexual populations. HIV studies of male prostitutes have been of limited scope, 8,9 have been conducted largely in institutional settings, or have involved self-report of HIV status.71'0 Male prostitutes engage in several identified high-risk behaviors for sexually transmitted disease and HIV. For example, they have multiple paying and nonpaying sex partners whom they have little opportunity to screen, they engage in sexual behaviors that place them at high risk for HIV,7 they have high rates of sexually transmitted disease,4,6,11 and they are often intravenous drug users.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors associated with HIV infection among male prostitutes.

Elifson

Boles²,

Sweat³

1993

Am J Public Health

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OBJECTIVES. This study documents the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and sexually transmitted disease seroprevalence rate for male prostitutes, identifies the risk factors for HIV, and provides baseline information for the development and implementation of appropriate prevention and intervention strategies. METHODS. Structured interviews were conducted with and blood samples were collected from 235 actively working male prostitutes in Atlanta, Georgia, from July 1988 through July 1991. RESULTS. The HIV seroprevalence was 29.4%; 25.1% of the sample had seromarker for syphilis and 58.3% for hepatitis B. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed the following significant HIV risk factors: history of receptive anal sex with nonpaying partners, serologic history of hepatitis B or syphilis, and history of childhood physical abuse. CONCLUSIONS. The reported seroprevalence rates among these male prostitutes indicate they are a high-risk group. The striking difference in HIV seroprevalence by sexual orientation may warrant special attention. Considering the public health consequences, there is a clear need for innovative HIV prevention and intervention among these men.

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“…Despite the great number of AIDS cases in Brazil 18 and the high prevalence of HIV 5,19 no studies have been found on the influence of an HIV positive status on sexual behavior in the country.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of HIV positive status on sexual behavior among males

Ventura-Filipe¹,

Newman²

1998

Rev. Saúde Pública

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ObjectiveTo compare HIV seronegative (HIV-) and HIV seropositive (HIV+) males in terms of sexual behavior with female and male partners of different types. MethodCross-sectional study. From August 1994 to February 1995, a sample of 236 respondents (150 HIV-and 86 HIV+) recruited from public health centers in the State of S. Paulo (Brazil), answered a questionnaire, including questions on demographic aspects, HIV and AIDS related knowledge, sexual orientation, use of alcohol and other drugs, sexual behavior with regular and casual female and male partners, and perceived risk of HIV infection. Sexual behavior with regular and casual female and male partners within the previous three months, was investigated. ResultsA lower proportion of HIV+ engaged in sexual contact with regular female partners (p < .01) and in vaginal intercourse with this type of partner (p < .01). A lower proportion of HIV+ engaged in overall sexual activity (p < .001) and reported lower frequency of penetrative sexual practices (p < .05). A high level of condom use with female and male partners was identified with no significant differences being found between the two serostatus groups. Some risky sexual behavior was identified, however, especially with regular partners, suggesting that some men were continuing to practice unsafe sex. ConclusionsThe high level of condom use identified suggests that safer sex advice has been taken up. Condom use was not universal, however, and some men continue to place themselves at risk, especially with regular partners. Prevention programs should strive not only to encourage HIV-to practice safer sex, but also to encourage HIV+ to do so in order to prevent further transmission of the virus. 504Rev. Saúde Pública, 32 (6), 1998HIV positive status on sexual behavior among males Ventura-Filipe, E. M. & Newman, S.P. Resumo Objetivo Comparar homens HIV soronegativos (HIV-) e HIV soropositivos (HIV+) em termos de comportamento sexual com parceiras e parceiros regulares e casuais. Método

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HIV-1, HIV-2, and HTLV-I Infection in High-Risk Groups in Brazil

Cited by 144 publications

References 25 publications

HTLV-1 antibodies in serum and cerebrospinal fluid in tropical spastic paraparesis in Brazil

HTLV-1 antibodies in serum and cerebrospinal fluid in tropical spastic paraparesis in Brazil

Risk factors associated with HIV infection among male prostitutes.

Influence of HIV positive status on sexual behavior among males

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