HIV and tuberculosis in India

Challenges of Tuberculosis in Iran

“…HIV infection, particularly advanced HIV infection (AIDS), is more critical than any other risk factors for the disease progression of recent or remotely acquired tuberculosis infection, both of which are major public health concern in numerous parts of the globe (23). Similarly, HIV infection is one of the most important risk factors promoting progression of latent tuberculosis infection to active tuberculosis disease in people with M. tuberculosis infection (77).…”

Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome

“…In cases with more significant symptoms, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and corticosteroids have been used. 8 Corticosteroid therapy may exacerbate other untreated infection or drug resistant TB, so should only be considered for TB-IRIS when alternative diagnoses have been excluded. The present case was started on oral steroids after systematically ruling out other infections and drug resistant tuberculosis.…”

Diagnostic Methods for Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Challenges in Its Detection in India

“…In a survey carried out among new TB patients by RNTCP in 2007, HIV sero-prevalence varied widely and ranged from 1-13.8% across the 15 districts [Swaminathan and Narendran 2008]. Pulmonary involvement occurs in about 75% of all HIV-infected patients with TB [Devivanayagam et al, 2001;Ahmad and Shameen 2005].…”