HIV incidence among men who have sex with men and transgender women in four provinces in Thailand

Kritsanavarin, Usanee; Bloss, Emily; Manopaiboon, Chomnad; Khawcharoenporn, Thana; Harnlakon, Pronnipa; Vasanti-Uppapokakorn, Monthinee; Kitwattanachai, Prapaporn; Naprasert, Supranee; Phiphatthananon, Tharee; Visavakum, Prin; Jetsawang, Bongkoch; Mock, Philip A.

doi:10.1177/0956462420921068

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…This is the first longitudinal study evaluating HIV incidence and its risk factors, HIV subtype, and TDR in MSM in Heilongjiang province. HIV incidence in MSM in Harbin is 3.55/100 PY, which is consistent with the HIV incidence in MSM in Beijing and Thailand ( 6 , 33 ), lower than HIV incidence in MSM in Chengdu ( 7 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Factors Associated With Newly HIV Infection and Transmitted Drug Resistance Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Harbin, P.R. China

Shen

Chen

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate HIV incidence, factors associated with HIV incidence and transmitted drug resistance (TDR) among newly infected men who have sex with men (MSM) in Harbin, P.R. China.MethodsA cohort study was conducted among MSM in Harbin during 2013 and 2018, with a follow-up frequency of every 6 months. Blood samples from MSM were tested for HIV antibodies, RNA was extracted from plasma, and the pol gene was sequenced, and genotypic drug-resistance analyses were performed.ResultsFrom 2013 to 2018, the overall rate of HIV incidence was 3.55/100 PY. Syphilis infection, unprotected sex with men in the past 6 months, and unawareness of HIV/AIDS knowledge were risk factors for HIV seroconversion. The distribution of HIV genotypes was as follows: CRF01_AE, 57.1%; CRF07_BC, 28.5%; CRF55_01B, 2.0%; B, 8.2%. The prevalence of transmitted drug resistance was 4.08%.ConclusionHIV incidence in MSM in Harbin is moderately high, and transmitted drug resistance exists in the population.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Factors Associated With Newly HIV Infection and Transmitted Drug Resistance Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Harbin, P.R. China

Shen

Chen

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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“…In terms of loss to follow-up, an open cohort analysis in Thailand showed that during 3-year follow-up, 1411 participants contributed 986.5 PYs [ 32 ]; another open cohort study conducted in Tianjin, Harbin, Chongqing, Nanjing and Xi'an of China demonstrated that 4305 MSM contributed 4678.4 PYs in two and half years’ follow-up [ 24 ]; and in a more recent open cohort in Beijing, 1065 PYs were observed among 1937 person-years in one and half years [ 27 ]. In our study, 1056 MSM contributed 1260.53 PYs during the 2-year observation period, and it is worth mentioning that it’s not easy to maintain the follow-up visits in this open chort, especially for transgender women as a marginalized and hard-to-reach population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV incidence and risk factors among transgender women and cisgender men who have sex with men in two cities of China: a prospective cohort study

Shan¹,

Zhang

et al. 2022

Infect Dis Poverty

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Background HIV epidemic among men who have sex with men (MSM) remains a major public health concern in China. Despite a growing body of research on transgender women worldwide, little is known about Chinese transgender women within MSM. We sought to estimate HIV incidence and distinguish risk factors of HIV acquisition among them from that among cisgener (non-transgender) MSM (cis-MSM). Methods We conducted an open cohort study among Chinese MSM, including those who were identified as transgender in Shanghai and Tianjin. Participants were initially recruited by local community-based organizations from January to June, 2016, and were followed up approximately every 6 months until June 2018. At each visit, a structured questionnaire was used to gather information on demographics, sexual risk behaviors, and HIV status. HIV incidence was calculated as the number of seroconversions divided by total number of person-years of follow-up among HIV-negatives at baseline. Risk factors of HIV acquisition were assessed by univariate and multivariate Cox regression models with time-dependent variables. Results A total of 1056 participants contributed 1260.53 person-years (PYs) of follow-up, 33 HIV seroconversions occurred during the follow-up period, yielding an estimated HIV incidence of 2.62 (95% CI 1.80–3.68) per 100 PYs. HIV incidence among transgender women was 4.42 per 100 PYs, which was significantly higher than that of 1.35 per 100 PYs among cis-MSM, demonstrating a threefold higher odds of HIV infection than cis-MSM. For transgender women, those lived locally ≤ 2 years (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 1.76, 95% CI 1.13–2.76) and unprotected anal sex last time (aHR = 4.22, 95% CI 1.82–9.79) were more likely to acquire HIV. For cis-MSM, factors associated with HIV acquisition were frequency of anal sex ≥ 3 times in past one month (aHR = 4.19, 95% CI 1.06–16.47) and unprotected anal sex last time (aHR = 5.33, 95% CI 1.52–18.73). Conclusions Compared to cis-MSM, transgender women were at higher risk of HIV acquisition, highlighting an urgent need of tailored prevention. Future HIV program should consider to include them to ensure that this population in China are not left behind. Graphical abstract

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“…Currently, few observational follow-up studies assess HIV incidence among Bangkok MSM. Data were presented from the Bangkok sites of the Test, Treat, and Prevent HIV Program [35], (7/179.9 or 3.9 per 100 PY) [42], and the…”

Section: Men Who Have Sex With Menmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV prevalence and incidence among men who have sex with men and transgender women in Bangkok, 2014–2018: Outcomes of a consensus development initiative

et al. 2022

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To reach its goal of ending AIDS by 2030, Thailand has adopted antiretroviral treatment as prevention and HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis for men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TGW) as its core HIV control strategy. However, in the absence of reliable epidemiologic indicators, the impact of these policies on the course of the HIV epidemic in these groups remains unknown. To help answer this question, we formulated an HIV epidemic consensus initiative for Bangkok, Thailand, to analyze epidemiologic and program data and reach agreement between experts and stakeholders on the evolving state of the HIV epidemic among MSM and TGW. A customized Delphi process was used to consult and consolidate viewpoints of experts and stakeholders. Experts presented and discussed HIV prevalence and incidence data from recent and ongoing studies among MSM and TGW in Bangkok (2014 to 2018) during a meeting with stakeholders representing government, donors, and civil society. Agreement about the course of the HIV epidemic among MSM and TGW was attained by voting consensus. Based on presented data, meeting participants agreed that HIV prevalence and incidence had decreased among Bangkok MSM from 2014 to 2018. Despite these declines, HIV prevalence and incidence were found to remain high. This was particularly the case among younger MSM. Participants agreed that there was no evidence for a decrease in HIV prevalence and incidence among Bangkok TGW. Introduction of antiretroviral treatment as prevention and HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis may have contributed to these declines. However, HIV prevalence and incidence remained high, and no signs of a decrease were reported among Bangkok TGW. At the current rate of new HIV infections in MSM and TGW, Thailand will not reach its goal of ending AIDS by 2030. This HIV consensus initiative may serve as a model for building agreement and advocacy on epidemiologic and program data and their implications for a large metropolitan city.

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HIV incidence among men who have sex with men and transgender women in four provinces in Thailand

Cited by 12 publications

References 15 publications

Factors Associated With Newly HIV Infection and Transmitted Drug Resistance Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Harbin, P.R. China

Factors Associated With Newly HIV Infection and Transmitted Drug Resistance Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Harbin, P.R. China

HIV incidence and risk factors among transgender women and cisgender men who have sex with men in two cities of China: a prospective cohort study

HIV prevalence and incidence among men who have sex with men and transgender women in Bangkok, 2014–2018: Outcomes of a consensus development initiative

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