Holarrhena antidysenterica in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: a potential review

Abstract

Holarrhena antidysenterica belongs to the Apocynaceae family and is generally known as kurchi in Hindi. It is a small deciduous tree found in arid woods throughout the world including India. H. Antidysenterica is commonly used in Indian traditional medicine to treat Inflammatory Bowel disease, dysentery, diarrhoea and worms in the intestines. Plant parts like bark are useful in antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and analgesic treatments, amoebiasis, chronic bronchitis, boils, and ulcers. The Phytoconstituents found in the plant ergosterol, flavonoids, phenolic acids, resins, saponins, steroidal alkaloids, coumarins, tannins and triterpenoids. Anti-amnesic, anti-diabetic, antibacterial action, anti-inflammatory, anti-diarrhoeal, antioxidant/free radical activity , radical scavenging, diuretic, anti-amoebic, anthelmintic and anti-microbial effects are found as pharmacological properties of Holarrhena antidysenterica. H. antidysenterica bark contains alkaloids the most important of which is the steroidal alkaloid conessine which is the major therapeutic constituent. Conarrhimine, Conimine, Conamine, Conessidine, Isoconessimine, Dimethyl Conkurchine and Holarrhimine are among the various alkaloids studied. The bark also includes gum, resin, tannin, lupeol and the digitenol glycoside Holadysone in addition to alkaloids. Bark of Holarrhena antidysenterica is used to treat malaria, chest infections, asthma, bronchopneumonia, stomach disorders, dyspepsia, diarrhoea and dysentery.
 Keywords: HA- Holarrhena antidysenterica, IBD- Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Collitus

Anthelmintic efficacy of Holarrhena pubescens against Raillietina spp. of domestic fowl through ultrastructural, histochemical, biochemical and GLCM analysis

“…The flavonoids and phenolic components in Holarrhena pubescens aqueous and methanolic bark extract showed high antioxidant activity [ 25 ] H . pubescens alkaloids were shown to be useful in treating acute dysentery, inflammatory bowel illness, diarrhoea, and, worm infections in the gut [ 28 ]. It is also reported that H .…”

“…It is also reported that H . pubescens , may be helpful to an extent, in treating Amoebiasis [ 29 ] and this plant also has anti-diabetic, anti-amnesic and anti-inflammatory property [ 28 ].…”

“…The flavonoids and phenolic components in Holarrhena pubescens aqueous and methanolic bark extract showed PLOS ONE high antioxidant activity [25] H. pubescens alkaloids were shown to be useful in treating acute dysentery, inflammatory bowel illness, diarrhoea, and, worm infections in the gut [28]. It is also reported that H. pubescens, may be helpful to an extent, in treating Amoebiasis [29] and this plant also has anti-diabetic, anti-amnesic and anti-inflammatory property [28]. About 40 alkaloids have been found in the stem bark, root bark, and seeds of Holarrhena pubescens [24].…”

Anthelmintic efficacy ofHolarrhena pubescensagainstRaillietinaspp. of domestic fowl through ultrastructural, histochemical, biochemical and GLCM analysis

“…The flavonoids and phenolic compounds of aqueous and methanolic bark extract of Holarrhena pubescens showed strong antioxidant property (Bhusal 2014). All the alkaloids of H. pubescens were found effective in treating acute dysentery, inflammatory bowel disease, diarrhoea and worm infections in the intestine (Bala et al 2022). It is also reported that Kutaja, may be helpful to an extent, in treating Amoebiasis (Singh 1986) and this plant also has anti-diabetic, anti-amnesic and anti-inflammatory property (Bala et al 2022).…”

A comprehensive review: Holarrhena pubescens

“…Kurchi is the name given to the stem bark of this plant, which contains astringent, antidiarrheal, antidysenteric, anti-anthelmintic, stomachic, febrifugal, digestive, and tonic characteristics. Medicinal properties of H. pubescens summerised in table 1 [6] .…”