Holographic gratings in photorefractive materials: A review

Passaro, Vittorio M. N.; Magno, F.

doi:10.1134/s1054660x07030012

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Transition-metal ions like Fe, Cu, and Mn are used as dopants to increase the photorefractive effect, that is, the change of the refractive index due to irradiation with light. − This could be used to realize dynamically tunable nanophotonic elements. On the other hand, doping LiNbO 3 with metal ions like Mg, Zn, In, Sc, Hf, Zr, and Sn strongly reduces photorefraction, enabling radiation-stable optical elements by reducing the laser-induced optical damage .…”

Section: Nanofabrication Of Linbo3 Meta-structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lithium Niobate Meta-Optics

et al. 2022

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The rapid development of optical metasurfaces, 2D ensembles of engineered nanostructures, is presently underpinning a steady drive toward the miniaturization of many optical functionalities and devices. The list of material platforms for optical metasurfaces is rapidly expanding as, over the past few years, we have witnessed a surge in establishing meta-optical elements from high-index, highly transparent materials with strong nonlinear and electro-optic properties. In particular, crystalline lithium niobate (LiNbO 3 ), already a prime material for integrated photonics, has shown great promise for novel meta-optical components, thanks to its large electro-optical coefficient and secondorder nonlinear response and its broad transparency window ranging from the visible to the mid-infrared. Recent advances in nanofabrication technology have indeed marked a new milestone in the miniaturization of LiNbO 3 platforms, hence enabling the first demonstrations of LiNbO 3 -based metasurfaces. These seminal works set a steppingstone toward the realization of ultrathin monolithic nonlinear light sources, efficient quantum sources of correlated photon pairs, as well as electro-optical modulators. Here, we review these recent advances by providing a perspective on their potential applications and examining the possible setbacks and limitations of these emerging technologies.

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Section: Nanofabrication Of Linbo3 Meta-structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lithium Niobate Meta-Optics

et al. 2022

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“…The photorefractive effect is observed in materials which are both electro-optic and photo conducting. The dark and photo conductivity were measured for the grown crystals as they influence the photorefractive properties [16][17][18][19]. Figure 5 shows the schematic experimental setup for conductivity measurement.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth and optical homogeneity investigations of Fe and Fe:Mn codoped LiNbO₃ crystals

Kar

Verma

Khan³

et al. 2009

Cryst. Res. Technol.

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Lithium niobate (LiNbO 3 ) crystals doped with Fe and Fe:Mn were grown by Czochralski technique. The doping concentrations of Fe and Mn were optimized. Transmission studies reveal broad absorption band centered at 488 nm. The UV cutoff observed for Fe doped LiNbO 3 is 358 nm whereas for Fe:Mn codoped LiNbO 3 is 352 nm. This decrease in UV cutoff for Fe and Mn codoped LiNbO 3 compared to only Fe doped LiNbO 3 is due to the increase in Li/Nb ratio. Optical homogeneity was assessed using conoscopy and birefringence interferometry. Dark and photo conductivity measurements prove that LiNbO 3 is a negative photo conducting material.

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“…For such reasons, a smaller and smaller employment of DCGs is expected in the future. Photorefractive materials 26,27 show a modulation not so large that limits their applications in dispersing element. Chalcogenide glasses 28 are interesting, but the application in large size element is not easy.…”

Section: Vphg Based On Photopolymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvements in VPHGs for astronomy based on photopolymers

Bianco¹,

Frangiamore

Zanutta

et al. 2023

Holography: Advances and Modern Trends VIII

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Volume Phase Holographic Gratings (VPHGs) are optical dispersing element widely used in astronomical spectrographs. In the last years, the availability of high performance photopolymers allowed for the development of innovative approaches to produce these dispersing elements. The key activities that have been carried out are: i) a production process based on photopolymeric holographic materials (in particular Bayfol ® HX by COVESTRO AG) was defined; ii) high quality VPHGs > 170 mm in diameter were manufactured; iii) innovative configurations to increase the dispersion/spectral range were implemented. The effectiveness of these activities is confirmed by the fact that more than 10 devices are mounted on observing facilities and several more are in development or planned. In this paper, we present the VPH technology based on photopolymers.

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Holographic gratings in photorefractive materials: A review

Cited by 16 publications

References 75 publications

Lithium Niobate Meta-Optics

Lithium Niobate Meta-Optics

Growth and optical homogeneity investigations of Fe and Fe:Mn codoped LiNbO₃ crystals

Improvements in VPHGs for astronomy based on photopolymers

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Holographic gratings in photorefractive materials: A review

Cited by 16 publications

References 75 publications

Lithium Niobate Meta-Optics

Lithium Niobate Meta-Optics

Growth and optical homogeneity investigations of Fe and Fe:Mn codoped LiNbO3 crystals

Improvements in VPHGs for astronomy based on photopolymers

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Product

Resources

About

Growth and optical homogeneity investigations of Fe and Fe:Mn codoped LiNbO₃ crystals