Home-range Use by a Large Horde of Wild Mandrillus sphinx

White, Elizabeth C.; Dikangadissi, Jean‐Thoussaint; Dimoto, Edmond; Karesh, William B.; Kock, Michael D.; Abiaga, Nathacha Ona; Starkey, Ruth; Ukizintambara, Tharcisse; White, Lee; Abernethy, Katharine

doi:10.1007/s10764-010-9417-3

Cited by 24 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 58 publications

(67 reference statements)

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“…Mandrills ( Mandrillus sphinx ) live in tropical rainforests and in gallery forests adjacent to savannas, as well as rocky forests, riparian forests, cultivated areas and flooded forests and streambeds. Forest-dwelling mandrills mostly feed (over 70% year-round) on mechanically protected plant foods such as hard-shell fruits or seeds from the ground [86,87], but will also eat leaves, lianas, bark, stems, and fibers; it also consumes mushrooms and soil [88]. The olive baboon ( Papio anubis ) is usually classified as savanna-dwelling, living in the wide plains of the grasslands, especially those near open woodland, but it also inhabits rainforests and deserts.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing Dietary Hypotheses of East African Hominines Using Buccal Dental Microwear Data

et al. 2016

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There is much debate on the dietary adaptations of the robust hominin lineages during the Pliocene-Pleistocene transition. It has been argued that the shift from C3 to C4 ecosystems in Africa was the main factor responsible for the robust dental and facial anatomical adaptations of Paranthropus taxa, which might be indicative of the consumption of fibrous, abrasive plant foods in open environments. However, occlusal dental microwear data fail to provide evidence of such dietary adaptations and are not consistent with isotopic evidence that supports greater C4 food intake for the robust clades than for the gracile australopithecines. We provide evidence from buccal dental microwear data that supports softer dietary habits than expected for P. aethiopicus and P. boisei based both on masticatory apomorphies and isotopic analyses. On one hand, striation densities on the buccal enamel surfaces of paranthropines teeth are low, resembling those of H. habilis and clearly differing from those observed on H. ergaster, which display higher scratch densities indicative of the consumption of a wide assortment of highly abrasive foodstuffs. Buccal dental microwear patterns are consistent with those previously described for occlusal enamel surfaces, suggesting that Paranthropus consumed much softer diets than previously presumed and thus calling into question a strict interpretation of isotopic evidence. On the other hand, the significantly high buccal scratch densities observed in the H. ergaster specimens are not consistent with a highly specialized, mostly carnivorous diet; instead, they support the consumption of a wide range of highly abrasive food items.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing Dietary Hypotheses of East African Hominines Using Buccal Dental Microwear Data

et al. 2016

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“…We collected GPS points at 30-min intervals, from a position at the spatial center of the group, i.e., at a position where the majority of group members gathered. Data collection in Presbytis potenziani group B and Simias concolor group B was sufficient to use the mimimum convex polygon (MCP) analysis, whereas in all other groups we collected additional data from March to July 2009 to use the fixed kernel contours (FKC) analysis also (Boyle et al 2009;White et al 2010), which provides additional information on the internal size structure of home ranges. This information allows identification of the most intensively used areas within a particular home range.…”

Section: Data Collection and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Habitat Use and Trophic Niche Overlap of Two Sympatric Colobines, Presbytis potenziani and Simias concolor, on Siberut Island, Indonesia

et al. 2011

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According to ecological theory, the concept of niche differentiation is essential to our understanding of how sympatric species can limit competition over resources. We here examine ecological niche differentiation in 2 sympatric Asian langurs, Presbytis potenziani and Simias concolor, both endemic to the Mentawai Islands off the west coast of Sumatra. We collected data (home range size, canopy use, activity budgets, diet, and niche breadth and overlap) using GPS and scan/focal animal sampling methods on 2 groups of Presbytis potenziani and 3 groups of Simias concolor living in a mixed primary rain forest in northern Siberut. Results show that home ranges of the 2 species overlapped completely and that the home range size of Presbytis potenziani was ca. 4 times larger than that of Simias concolor. Lower canopy levels (<20 m) were used more often by Simias concolor, whereas Presbytis potenziani preferred the canopy >20 m. Apart from foraging and other activities, there was little difference in overall activity budgets of the 2 species. Regarding diet, although 60% of all food species examined were used by both langur species, they shared only 3 of the 10 most commonly eaten species. Presbytis potenziani fed more selectively on fruits, whereas Simias concolor fed predominantly on leaves. Levin's Int niche breadth indices revealed that the diet of Simias concolor is more general (0.34) than that of Presbytis potenziani (0.22). Based on a Pianka index of 0.32, we conclude that there is a relatively small food niche overlap between the 2 colobine species and that diet represents an important mechanism enabling their coexistence.

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“…Small dots (all classes) indicate all individuals that passed through the open area other than the dependent infants, so classes with points located above the line of small dots tended to concentrate in the front of the progression, and classes with points located below the line of small dots tended to be at the rear studies of two Mandrillus species (Hoshino et al 1984;Astaras et al 2008) and Cercocebus mangabeys (Mitani 1989;Range and Fischer 2004). Abernethy et al (2002) also observed short-term subgrouping for at least a few days just after the passage of mandrills through open places, and White et al (2010) observed regular subgrouping of the same horde. We should consider the social organisation and fission-fusion dynamics separately (Aurelli et al 2008;Grueter et al 2012), and account for the possibility that mandrills have more fluid fission-fusion dynamics than typical savannah baboons, as also reported for Guinea baboons (P. papio) (Patzelt et al 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Their large home range (81 km 2 according to the MCP method and based on a six-year study; White et al 2010) and the poor visibility in the dense rainforest make it difficult for field researchers to observe the behaviours of wild Mandrillus populations, meaning that the characteristics of their societies are still unclear. Besides, there are some conflicting arguments about their social systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New evidence from observations of progressions of mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx): a multilevel or non-nested society?

Hongo

2014

Primates

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African papionins are well known for the diversity of their social systems, ranging from multilevel societies based on one-male-multifemale units (OMUs) to non-nested societies. However, the characteristics of Mandrillus societies are still unclear due to difficult observational conditions in the dense forests of central Africa. To elucidate the characteristics of mandrill societies and their social systems, I analysed the age-sex compositions, behaviours, and progression patterns of their horde/subgroups using videos of them crossing open places. The progressions were very cohesive, and the very large aggregations (169-442 individuals) had only 3-6 adult males (1.4-1.8 % of all individuals) and 11-32 subadult males (6.5-7.2 %). No herding behaviours were observed in the males, and most of the small clusters within the progressions were not analogous to the OMUs of a multilevel society but instead consisted of only adult females and immatures. The progressions of alert mandrills showed patterns similar to those observed in a non-nested social system: females with dependent infants were concentrated toward the rear and adult and subadult males toward the front. These results suggest that cohesive aggregations and a female-biased sex ratio are common characteristics of mandrill species. Mandrills may form female-bonded and non-nested societies, although their fission-fusion dynamics may be different from those typical of savannah baboons.

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Home-range Use by a Large Horde of Wild Mandrillus sphinx

Cited by 24 publications

References 58 publications

Testing Dietary Hypotheses of East African Hominines Using Buccal Dental Microwear Data

Testing Dietary Hypotheses of East African Hominines Using Buccal Dental Microwear Data

Habitat Use and Trophic Niche Overlap of Two Sympatric Colobines, Presbytis potenziani and Simias concolor, on Siberut Island, Indonesia

New evidence from observations of progressions of mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx): a multilevel or non-nested society?

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