Horizontal divergence of typhoon-generated gravity waves in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) and its influence on typhoon evolution

Kim, S. H.; Chun, Hye‐Yeong; Jang, Wook

doi:10.5194/acpd-13-28953-2013

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The difference in relation between two regions may affect the results of drift and seeding perturbation, which in turn can affect the depth of EPBs. In addition, during the June solstice, several meteorological phenomena such as cyclones, typhoons, and hurricanes are dominant in the lower atmosphere/troposphere, around Hong Kong, and can play a significant role in triggering the plasma bubbles occurrences by generating gravity waves [ Bishop et al ., ; Kim et al ., ]. These gravity waves generated in the lower atmosphere can propagate in a slant direction toward the ionosphere and trigger the growth of plasma bubbles[ Abdu et al ., ; Takahashi et al ., ; Taori et al ., ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of solar and geomagnetic activity on the occurrence of equatorial plasma bubbles over Hong Kong

et al. 2016

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In the present study, the occurrence and characteristics of equatorial plasma bubble (EPB) has been analyzed using the GPS data from continuously operating reference stations network over Hong Kong during 2001–2012. The analysis found maximum EPB occurrences during the equinoctial months and minimum EPB occurrences during the December solstice throughout 2001–2012 except during the solar minimum in 2007–2009. The maximum EPB occurrences were observed in June solstice during 2007–2008, whereas for 2009, EPB occurrences were quite higher for June solstice but slightly smaller than the March equinox. The seasonal maximum in EPB occurrences have been discussed in terms of plasma density seed perturbation caused by gravity waves as well as the post sunset F‐layer rise due to the pre‐reversal enhancement of zonal electric field. Generally, EPB occurrences are found to be more prominent during nighttime hours (19:00–24:00 h) than daytime hours. The day and nighttime EPB occurrences were inferred and found to vary linearly with solar activity and have an annual correlation coefficient (R) of ~ 0.92 with F10.7 cm solar flux and ~0.88 with sunspot number. Moreover, the impact of solar activity on EPB occurrences is found to be dependent on seasons with maximum during the equinox (R = 0.80) and minimum during the summer season (R = 0.68). The detail study of EPB occurrences during two typical cases of geomagnetic storms on 6 November and 24 November 2001 found that the storm on 24 November triggered the EPB occurrence whereas storm on 6 November suppressed the EPB occurrence. The enhancement/suppression of EPB occurrences during storms periods is a consequence of a storm‐induced prompt penetration electric field as well as disturbance dynamo electric field effects associated with the main phase of the geomagnetic storm.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of solar and geomagnetic activity on the occurrence of equatorial plasma bubbles over Hong Kong

et al. 2016

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“…; Kim et al . ). The spectral range of stratospheric GWs observed or modelled in association with TCs is extremely broad and spans multiple orders of magnitude both in terms of vertical wavelengths (from as short as 0.7 km (e.g, Chane Ming et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying the global impact of tropical cyclone‐associated gravity waves using HIRDLS, MLS, SABER and IBTrACS data

Wright

2019

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

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Tropical convective systems are major sources of atmospheric gravity waves (GWs). These waves are a key driver of global atmospheric circulation, especially in the middle and upper atmosphere. Tropical cyclones (TCs) such as hurricanes and typhoons are particularly dramatic examples of such systems, and are therefore potentially significant individual sources of GWs. To investigate this effect, GW observations from three satellite limb sounders in the vicinity of TCs are produced and analysed. By statistically combining 15 years of GW observations from 1,379 individual TCs represented in the International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship, it is shown that TCs are associated with a 15% increase of GW amplitudes over background and a 25% increase in measured momentum fluxes, primarily during the period immediately before the TC. It is further shown that this additional contribution is small relative to other GW‐generating processes, and thus that individual TCs do not have a large quantitative effect on the dynamics of the middle and upper atmosphere as a whole. Thus, it is concluded that accurate modelling of TC‐generated short vertical wavelength GWs need not be a development priority for the next generation of weather and climate models. The results also demonstrate that stronger GW activity is associated with TCs that will later develop into hurricane‐intensity storms than is observed for those that will not, and thus that better space‐based monitoring of stratospheric GW activity could be a useful tool to help improve the forecasting of strong hurricane events in the presence of obscuring tropospheric cloud.

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“…Furthermore, real deep convection also occurs in highly curved geometries, and there are a number of interesting studies tackling aspects of this problem by utilizing fully three‐dimensional numerical simulations with complex physics. In such simulations, more realistic physical features, such as typhoon‐generated gravity waves (Kim and Chun, ; Kim et al ; Ong et al ), mesoscale circulation around squall lines (Pandya et al ), and gravity waves generated by deep convection (Piani et al ; Lane and Reeder, ) can be modelled. Two‐dimensional planar geometry in the absence of shear (which achieves wave reflection/refraction through a change in stratification) is chosen here as the simplest model with which we can confront the above questions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forced gravity waves and the tropospheric response to convection

Halliday

Griffiths

Parker

et al. 2018

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

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We present theoretical work directed toward improving our understanding of the mesoscale influence of deep convection on its tropospheric environment through forced gravity waves. From the linear, hydrostatic, non‐rotating, incompressible equations, we find a two‐dimensional analytical solution to prescribed heating in a stratified atmosphere, which is upwardly radiating from the troposphere when the domain lid is sufficiently high. We interrogate the spatial and temporal sensitivity of both the vertical velocity and potential temperature to different heating functions, considering both the near‐field and remote responses to steady and pulsed heating. We find that the mesoscale tropospheric response to convection is significantly dependent on the upward radiation characteristics of the gravity waves, which are in turn dependent upon the temporal and spatial structure of the source, and the assumed stratification. We find a 50% reduction in tropospherically averaged vertical velocity when moving from a trapped (i.e. low lid) to upwardly radiating (i.e. high lid) solution but, even with maximal upward radiation, we still observe significant tropospheric vertical velocities in the far‐field 4 h after heating ends. We quantify the errors associated with coarsening a 10 km‐wide heating to a 100 km grid (in the way a general circulation model (GCM) would), observing a 20% reduction in vertical velocity. The implications of these results for the parametrization of convection in low‐resolution numerical models are quantified, and it is shown that the smoothing of heating over a grid box leads to significant in‐grid‐box tendencies, due to the erroneous rate of transfer of compensating subsidence to neighbouring regions. Further, we explore a simple time‐dependent heating parametrization that minimizes error in a parent GCM grid box, albeit at the expense of increased error in the neighbourhood.

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Horizontal divergence of typhoon-generated gravity waves in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) and its influence on typhoon evolution

Cited by 3 publications

References 17 publications

Effects of solar and geomagnetic activity on the occurrence of equatorial plasma bubbles over Hong Kong

Effects of solar and geomagnetic activity on the occurrence of equatorial plasma bubbles over Hong Kong

Quantifying the global impact of tropical cyclone‐associated gravity waves using HIRDLS, MLS, SABER and IBTrACS data

Forced gravity waves and the tropospheric response to convection

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