Host plant adaptability and proteomic differences of diverse Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch) lineages

Abstract

Corn leaf aphid Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch) can feed on various cereal crops and transmit viruses that may cause serious economic losses. To test the impact of both host plant species and age on R. maidis, as well as the proteomic difference of diverse populations, we first investigated the survival and reproduction of six R. maidis populations (i.e., LF, HF, GZ, DY, BJ, and MS) via a direct observation method in the laboratory on 10 and 50 cm high maize seedlings, and 10 cm high barley seedlings. Then a proteomic approach was implemented to identify the differentially expressed proteins from both aphids and endosymbionts of BJ and MS populations. Results indicated that the BJ population performed significantly better than the others on both barley and 50 cm high maize seedlings, while no population could survive on 10 cm high maize seedlings. The proteomic results demonstrated that the expression levels of myosin heavy chain (muscle isoform X12) (spot 781) and peroxidase (spot 1383) were upregulated, while ATP-dependent protease Hsp 100 (spot 2137) from Hamiltonella defensa and protein SYMBAF (spot 2703) from Serratia symbiotica were downregulated in the BJ population when compared to expression levels of the MS population. We hypothesize that the fatalness observed on 10 cm high maize seedlings may be caused by secondary metabolites that are synthesized by the seedlings and the

Shotgun Proteomics as a Powerful Tool for the Study of the Proteomes of Plants, Their Pathogens, and Plant–Pathogen Interactions

“…For intact protein analysis, the two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) method [ 84 ] uses protein labeling with cyanine fluorescent dyes for relative protein quantitation between two or more multiplexed samples. 2D-DIGE has been widely used in the study of plant proteomes [ 85 , 86 , 87 ] but mostly prior to the more widespread adoption of gel-free proteomics. In another early example of label-based analysis, this time analogous to the SILAC approach, Bindschedler et al [ 88 ] developed a cost-effective method called hydroponic isotope labeling of entire plants (HILEP) for quantitative plant proteomics.…”

Different Tea Germplasms Distinctly Influence the Adaptability of Toxoptera aurantii (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

“…Through this process, insects select plants as food sources through a range of behavioral and physiological responses to improve their adaptability to host plants, thus leading to the diversity or specialization of various insects to a specific host, and ultimately making insect populations more rampant on some crops [ 2 ]. Increasing evidence suggests that the performance of insects on host plants is widely considered a reliable indicator for evaluating their adaptability [ 3 , 4 , 5 ]. Therefore, studying insects’ feeding behavior and population dynamics, we can judge their adaptability to various host plants, which is also essential for developing insect-resistant host plant varieties [ 6 ].…”