Host?plant resistance: A viable non ? chemical and environmentally friendly strategy of controlling stored products pests-a review

Abstract

Abstract:Harvested grains suffer enormous damage from insect pests during storage. Their protection in storage has been the subject of many studies including the search for resistant varieties. Screening of many seed varieties had led to the successful isolation of strains that are resistant to insect pests in some African countries. Amongst grain legumes, three out of the 12,000 cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) varieties screened were found to be effectively resistant to two cowpea bruchids (Callosobruchus maculatus F.) and C. subinnotatus (Pic.). Out of 31 Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea Thou.) varieties screened, 6 were found to be resistant to these bruchids. Similarly, four varieties of groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.) were found to be resistant to both Indian meal moth (Plodia interpunctella Hubner) and rust red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum Herbest). Among the cereal grains, 175 maize (Zea mays L.) varieties were investigated and 28 found resistant against both the larger grain borer (Prostephanus truncatus Horn.) and the maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky). These studies revealed that host-plant resistance is a very good method of combating pest depredation in storage. It is perhaps the easiest, most economical and effective means of controlling insect pests on stored grains as there is no special technology which has to be adopted by farmers. The expenses to the farmer are limited because he only has to buy the seeds and no environmental hazards are involved. Furthermore the method is quite compatible with other methods of control.Keywords: Host-plant resistance, resistant varieties, groundnut, cowpea. ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬

Nutritional characterization of Cicer arietinum L. cultivars with respect to morphological and agronomic parameters

“…The 100 seed weight varies from less than 8 g to more than 70 g. Based on seed size and shape, two main kinds of chickpea are recognized: Desi types, which have small, dark-brown seeds and a rough coat, and Kabuli types, which have creamy-white seeds that are larger, with a smoother coat (Singh, 1997;Kaur and Singh, 2005) Grain legumes, notable protein sources, constitute an important part of human diet in many parts of the world and they find an excellent utilization as functional food. These crops also serve as sources of income to small-and largescale farmers in developing countries (Ahmed and Yusuf, 2007). Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is a cool-season food legume grown mainly by small farmers in many parts of the world.…”

Comparative study on wheat grains produced from plants treated by irradiated sodium alginate and stored in refrigerator with newly planted on vitality, quality, and their resistance to lesser grain borer (Rhyzopertha dominica)

“…The changes in carbohydrases (amylase and invertase) activities in the total content of R. dominca tissue tested with wheat treated by ISA (T 2 , T 3 and T 4 ) demonstrated in table (5 ).The results showed a significant decrease (p<0.05) in the activity of amylase and invertase as compared with the control in all treatment except insect pest amylase and invertase tested with T 4 stored in low temperature. The highest inhibition effects observed when insect tested with wheat treated by ISA and non-stored T 3 were 85.6% and67.3% for amylase and invertase, respectively.…”

Laboratory Evaluation of Insecticidal Potentials of Kane Plant (Anogeissus leiocarpus Guil and Perr) for the Control of Bambara Groundnut Weevil (Callosobruchus subinnotatus Pic.) on Stored Bambara Groundnut ( Vigna subterranean (L.)Verdcourt)

“…The fumigated grains were then transferred into a fresh, uncontaminated and differentpolythene bag and kept at -4°C inside a freezer for 4 days. This is to ensure that any insect pest that may be inside the experimental grains is killed at the end of which the clean experimental grains were obtained (Ahmed, 2007).…”