Household survey of installation and treatment efficiency of point-of-use water treatment systems in Hanoi, Vietnam

Thuan, An; Kuroda, Keisuke; Hayashi, Takeshi; Nga, Tran Thi Viet; Oguma, Kumiko; Takizawa, Satoshi

doi:10.2166/aqua.2013.011

Cited by 18 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…In water treatment plants, groundwater is treated by aeration, iron precipitation, rapid sand filtration and chlorination, whereas river water is treated by pre-sedimentation, coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, rapid sand filtration and chlorination. In suburban and rural areas, groundwater from private tube wells is typically treated in households by sand filters (Do et al, 2014).…”

Section: Site Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pepper mild mottle virus as an indicator and a tracer of fecal pollution in water environments: Comparative evaluation with wastewater-tracer pharmaceuticals in Hanoi, Vietnam

Kuroda

Nakada

Hanamoto

et al. 2015

Science of The Total Environment

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120

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We analyzed pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) in 36 samples taken from surface water, wastewater, groundwater, tap water and bottled water in Hanoi, Vietnam. We then compared the occurrence and fates of PMMoV with pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), which are known wastewater tracers. PMMoV was detected in 94% of the surface water samples (ponds, water from irrigated farmlands and rivers) and in all the wastewater samples. The PMMoV concentration ranged from 5.5×10(6)-7.2×10(6)copies/L in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) influents, 6.5×10(5)-8.5×10(5)copies/L in WWTP effluents and 1.0×10(4)-1.8×10(6)copies/L in surface water. Among the sixty PPCPs analyzed, caffeine and carbamazepine had high detection rates in surface water (100% and 88%, respectively). In surface water, the concentration ratio of PMMoV to caffeine remained unchanged than that in WWTP influents, suggesting that the persistence of PMMoV in surface water was comparable to that of caffeine. The persistence and the large concentration ratio of PMMoV in WWTP influents to the method detection limit would account for its ubiquitous detection in surface water. In comparison, human enteric viruses (HEV) were less frequently detected (18-59%) than PMMoV in surface water, probably because of their faster decay. Together with the reported high human feces-specificity, our results suggested that PMMoV is useful as a sensitive fecal indicator for evaluating the potential occurrence of pathogenic viruses in surface water. Moreover, PMMoV can be useful as a moderately conservative fecal tracer for specifically tracking fecal pollution of surface water. PMMoV was detected in 38% of the groundwater samples at low concentrations (up to 19copies/L). PMMoV was not detected in the tap water and bottled water samples. In groundwater, tap water and bottled water samples, the occurrence of PPCPs and HEV disagreed with that of PMMoV, suggesting that PMMoV is not suitable as an indicator or a tracer in those waters.

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Section: Site Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pepper mild mottle virus as an indicator and a tracer of fecal pollution in water environments: Comparative evaluation with wastewater-tracer pharmaceuticals in Hanoi, Vietnam

Kuroda

Nakada

Hanamoto

et al. 2015

Science of The Total Environment

Self Cite

120

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“…The treatment efficacy and percent concentration changes of contaminants are presented in Figure 2 and Table 5. According to a previous study conducted in Vietnam, household RO and CP treatments can reduce iron concentrations by .45% (Do et al 2014). However, a study conducted in the USA showed that household RO devices did not effectively remove iron (Lothrop et al 2015).…”

Section: Efficacy Of Ro Devices and Cpsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Household water treatment practices have been recommended as a strategy to comprehensively control diarrhea (WHO 2009a). Household treatment is common in developing countries, even in urban areas where tap water is available (Do et al 2014;Shrestha et al 2018). Several studies have been conducted to examine the efficacy of locally available point-of-entry and point-of-use household treatment devices in other countries (Brown & Sobsey 2010;Mahlangu et al 2012;Do et al 2014;Li et al 2014;Lothrop et al 2015;Shrestha et al 2018).…”

Section: Graphical Abstract Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Household treatment is common in developing countries, even in urban areas where tap water is available (Do et al 2014;Shrestha et al 2018). Several studies have been conducted to examine the efficacy of locally available point-of-entry and point-of-use household treatment devices in other countries (Brown & Sobsey 2010;Mahlangu et al 2012;Do et al 2014;Li et al 2014;Lothrop et al 2015;Shrestha et al 2018). However, the efficacy of household water treatment devices available in Myanmar has not been investigated.…”

Section: Graphical Abstract Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Yangon city tap water quality and the efficacy of household treatment

Sakai

2021

Water Quality Research Journal

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Yangon was one of the first cities in Asia to establish a tap water system. However, the city's water supply infrastructure now lags far behind those of other regions as a consequence of political instability over the last six decades. The installation of disinfection facilities in the tap water system and the enactment of the Myanmar National Drinking Water Quality Standard (MNDWQS) were accomplished only recently during the short period of democratic government. Due to the lack of reliable published information, the suitability of the tap water for drinking remains unclear to city residents. The quality of tap water and bottled water in the central business district was examined to assess compliance with the MNDWQS. The results showed that 95% of tap water delivered to homes was contaminated with Escherichia coli or coliform bacteria. Only 14% of bottled water was free of E. coli and coliform contamination. The efficacy of household treatment devices was tested, and ceramic purifiers (CPs) and reverse osmosis (RO) devices were found to be highly (>99%) effective for E. coli elimination. RO devices performed better in terms of dissolved organic carbon reduction at 60% compared with 43% reduction with CPs.

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“…Besides, it is a principal to establish an effective policy on health and well-being protection [2]. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), between 50 and 100 l of water per person per day is needed to ensure that most basic needs are met and few health concerns arise [3]. Hence, the quality of drinking water has progressively been questioned from a health viewpoint in recent decades [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Qualitative and health-related evaluation of point-of-use water treatment equipment performance in three cities of Iran

Rezaeinia

Nasseri

Binesh

et al. 2018

J Environ Health Sci Engineer

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Background Application of the point-of-use water treatment (POU-WT) systems has consistently increased during the last decade in Iran. In this study, the qualitative performances of reverse osmosis-based POU devices in selected cities of Iran were investigated. Methods This applied- descriptive study was conducted in three cities of Tehran, Rasht, and Ahvaz in 2016 (selected based on the level of POU devices sale index in three phases). After choosing the most popular five brands of six stages POU devices, 360 water sampling zones and POU consumer households of the selected cities were measured. Also, the awareness of the consumers about POU-WT systems selection and performance was investigated through a designed questionnaire. Results The qualitative parameters in the three cities were acceptable ( p < 0.05) for tap water (except for EC in Ahvaz), the output water were as follows: pH = 6.05–7.5, EC = 49.8–58.2 μs/cm, TOC = 0.01–0.23 mg/L and Nitrate = 0.52–4.5 mg/LNO 3 (lower or within the range of regulatory limits), Total Hardness = 33–41.5 mg/L and Fluoride = 0.01–0.23 mg/L (which were lower than the admissible limit, with p < 0.05), HPC values were in the range of 543–676 CFU/mL, which exceeded the regulatory level. Results of ANOVA analysis showed significant differences between the selected cities. The results of the questionnaire survey showed that the dissatisfaction of tap water quality and health-related concerns were the two main reasons for household POU-WT systems; awareness levels of 64% of these households about the performances of their POU systems were weak. Also, social media were mostly used by POU-WT users for brand selected. Conclusion Based on the results of the tap-water quality application of POU-WT systems are not recommended in Tehran and Rasht, and regarding the outputs of these systems, side effects of softened water, lack of Fluoride and a remarkable increase of the number of bacteria should be considered. In Ahvaz, application of POU-WT systems can decrease the health-related problems and it is necessary to increase the access to read POU-WT efficiency information for the consumers.

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Household survey of installation and treatment efficiency of point-of-use water treatment systems in Hanoi, Vietnam

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

Pepper mild mottle virus as an indicator and a tracer of fecal pollution in water environments: Comparative evaluation with wastewater-tracer pharmaceuticals in Hanoi, Vietnam

Pepper mild mottle virus as an indicator and a tracer of fecal pollution in water environments: Comparative evaluation with wastewater-tracer pharmaceuticals in Hanoi, Vietnam

Evaluation of Yangon city tap water quality and the efficacy of household treatment

Qualitative and health-related evaluation of point-of-use water treatment equipment performance in three cities of Iran

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