“…For private households, housing investment often constitutes their largest lifetime investment and accounts for most of their wealth. For forecasters and analysts, housing investment is a significant and volatile component of aggregate demand (Nguyen, 2013) and an important driver of the business cycle (Huang et al, 2020; Leamer, 2015; Piazzesi & Schneider, 2016), including for the prediction of recessions (Aastveit et al, 2019; Kohlscheen et al, 2018). Changes to housing wealth have significant implications for private consumption spending (de Bondt et al, 2020, 2021), and, as the Great Recession of 2008–09 has shown once again, housing booms usually develop into a recession, and when combined with a credit boom, they predict a harder landing (Cerutti et al, 2017).…”