How biogenic terpenes govern the correlation between sulfuric acid concentrations and new particle formation

Bonn, Boris; Kulmala, Markku; Riipinen, Ilona; Sihto, S.-L.; Ruuskanen, T. M.

doi:10.1029/2007jd009327

Cited by 80 publications

(93 citation statements)

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“…In the boreal forest, the growth of these new particles correlates with seasonal variations in vegetation gross primary productivity and with monoterpene concentrations and radiation (Kulmala et al, 2004a). Biogenic gases may also control particle formation rates directly (Zhang et al, 2004;Verheggen et al, 2007;Bonn et al, 2008). The contribution of terrestrial ecosystems to SOA is difficult to quantify accurately from observations because anthropogenic aerosol sources can mask natural cycles.…”

Section: The Impact Of Secondary Organic Aerosol On the Atmospherementioning

confidence: 99%

A review of natural aerosol interactions and feedbacks within the Earth system

et al. 2010

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Abstract.The natural environment is a major source of atmospheric aerosols, including dust, secondary organic material from terrestrial biogenic emissions, carbonaceous particles from wildfires, and sulphate from marine phytoplankton dimethyl sulphide emissions. These aerosols also have a significant effect on many components of the Earth system such as the atmospheric radiative balance and photosynthetically available radiation entering the biosphere, the supply of nutrients to the ocean, and the albedo of snow and ice. The physical and biological systems that produce these aerosols can be highly susceptible to modification due to climate change so there is the potential for important climate feedbacks. We review the impact of these natural systems on atmospheric aerosol based on observations and models, including the potential for long term changes in emissions and the feedbacks on climate. The number of drivers of change is very large and the various systems are strongly coupled. There have therefore been very few studies that integrate the various effects to estimate climate feedback factors. Nevertheless, available observations and model studies suggest that the regional radiative perturbations are potentially several Watts per square metre due to changes in these natural aerosol emissions in a future climate. Taking into account only the direct radiative effect of changes in the atmospheric burden of natural aerosols, and neglecting potentially large effects on other parts of the Earth system, a global mean radiative perturbation approaching 1 W m −2 is possible by the end of the century. The level of scientific understanding of the climate drivers, interactions and impacts is very low.

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Section: The Impact Of Secondary Organic Aerosol On the Atmospherementioning

confidence: 99%

A review of natural aerosol interactions and feedbacks within the Earth system

et al. 2010

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“…GLOMAP is an extension of the offline 3-D chemical transport model TOMCAT (Chipperfield, 2006). GLOMAP treats two 2-moment sectional externally mixed particle distributions.…”

Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, there are also uncertainties in emissions, particularly for carbonaceous particles (Bond et al, 2004), but also for precursor gases such as sulfur dioxide (Smith et al, 2002) and the fraction of the sulfur emitted as particulate sulfate from nearinstantaneous sub-grid scale nucleation close to the emission source (Spracklen et al, 2005b;. Also, one of the largest current challenges is to understand in more detail how secondary organic compounds contribute to aerosol growth (Alfarra, 2006) and possibly to their formation (Bonn et al, 2008;Laaksonen et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of nucleation on global CCN

et al. 2009

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Abstract. Cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) are derived from particles emitted directly into the atmosphere (primary emissions) or from the growth of nanometer-sized particles nucleated in the atmosphere. It is important to separate these two sources because they respond in different ways to gas and particle emission control strategies and environmental changes. Here, we use a global aerosol microphysics model to quantify the contribution of primary and nucleated particles to global CCN. The model considers primary emissions of sea spray, sulfate and carbonaceous particles, and nucleation processes appropriate for the free troposphere and boundary layer. We estimate that 45% of global low-level cloud CCN at 0.2% supersaturation are secondary aerosol derived from nucleation (ranging between 31-49% taking into account uncertainties in primary emissions and nucleation rates), with the remainder from primary emissions. The model suggests that 35% of CCN (0.2%) in global low-level clouds were created in the free and upper troposphere. In the marine boundary layer 55% of CCN (0.2%) are from nucleation, with 45% entrained from the free troposphere and 10% nucleated directly in the boundary layer. Combinations of model runs show that primary and nucleated CCN are non-linearly coupled. In particular, boundary layer nucleated CCN are strongly suppressed by both primary emissions and entrainment of particles nucleated in the free troposphere. Elimination of all primary emissions reduces global CCN (0.2%) by only 20% and elimination of upper tropospheric nucleation reduces CCN (0.2%) by only 12% because of the increased contribution from boundary layer nucleation.

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“…They have been hypothesized to protect plants from oxidative damage under elevated concentrations of reactive oxygen species (Vickers et al, 2009). Especially SQT, react readily with atmospheric ozone, with a high potential to form secondary organic aerosol (Hoffmann et al, 1997;Jaoui et al, 2003;Bonn et al, 2008). Their vital role on atmospheric chemistry is stressed out by their ability to influence the oxidative capacity of the atmosphere (Fuentes et al, 2000) and their contribution to secondary organic aerosol production (Hoffmann et al, 1997;Andreae and Crutzen, 1997;Bonn et al, 2003;Kulmala et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ozone stress as a driving force of sesquiterpene emissions: a suggested parameterisation

et al. 2012

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Abstract. Sesquiterpenes (C 15 H 24 ) are semi-volatile organic compounds emitted by vegetation and are of interest in atmospheric research because they influence the oxidative capacity of the atmosphere and contribute to the formation of secondary organic aerosols. However, little is known about their emission pattern and no established parameterisation is available for global emission models. The aim of this study is to investigate a Central European spruce forest and its emission response to meteorological and environmental parameters, looking for a parameterisation that incorporates heat and oxidative stress as the main driving forces of the induced emissions. Therefore, a healthy ca. 80 yr old Norway spruce (Picea abies) tree was selected and a dynamical vegetation enclosure technique was applied from April to November 2011. The emissions clearly responded to temperature changes with small variations in the β-factor along the year (β spring = 0.09 ± 0.01, β summer = 0.12± 0.02, β autumn = 0.11 ± 0.02). However, daily calculated values revealed a vast amount of variability in temperature dependencies ((0.02 ± 0.002) < β < (0.27 ± 0.04)) with no distinct seasonality.By separating the complete dataset in 10 different ozone regimes, we found that in moderately or less polluted atmospheric conditions the main driving force of sesquiterpene emissions is the temperature, but when ambient ozone mixing ratios exceed a critical threshold of (36.6 ± 3.9) ppb v , the emissions become primarily correlated with ozone. Considering the complete dataset, cross correlation analysis resulted in highest correlation with ambient ozone mixing ratios (CC O 3 = 0.63 ± 0.01; CC T = 0.47 ± 0.02 at t = 0 h for temperature) with a time shift 2-4 h prior to the emissions. An only temperature dependent algorithm was found to substantially underestimate the induced emissions (20 % of the measured; R 2 = 0.31). However, the addition of an ozone dependent term improved substantially the fitting between measured and modelled emissions (81 % of the modelled emissions could be explained by the measurements; R 2 = 0.63), providing confidence about the reliability of the suggested parameterisation for the spruce forest site investigated.

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How biogenic terpenes govern the correlation between sulfuric acid concentrations and new particle formation

Cited by 80 publications

References 50 publications

A review of natural aerosol interactions and feedbacks within the Earth system

A review of natural aerosol interactions and feedbacks within the Earth system

Impact of nucleation on global CCN

Ozone stress as a driving force of sesquiterpene emissions: a suggested parameterisation

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