How Do Indoor Environments Affect Air Pollution Exposure?

Goldstein, Allen H.; Nazaroff, William W.; Weschler, Charles J.; Williams, Jonathan

doi:10.1021/acs.est.0c05727

Cited by 67 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…The infiltration factor (Fin) is the steady-state fraction of outdoor PM2.5 that enters the indoor environment and remains suspended there (14). It quantifies the extent that the building provides protection against outdoor particles (11). For particulate matter, Fin can be obtained from the ratio of indoor/outdoor concentration when there are not additional indoor sources or loss processes (19,20).…”

Section: Differences Of Infiltration On Fire Days and Non-fire Daysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…People in the United States spend 87% of their time indoors (10). However, the protection against air pollutants of outdoor origin provided by buildings is commonly overlooked in air quality, epidemiologic, and risk assessment studies (11). To accurately characterize and reduce population exposures to wildfire PM2.5, it is necessary to understand then optimize how buildings are used by their occupants to mitigate exposure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, such extrapolation is not applicable to wildfire events because it does not take into account the distribution of protection provided by buildings (including natural and mechanical ventilation) due to lack of data measuring infiltration under representative conditions. The infiltration of outdoor particles is dependent on people's behavior (11,14,15), which changes during wildfires (and in 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic). Pollution levels during wildfire events, and knowledge of those pollution levels through available air quality data, directly impact human responses aimed at controlling the infiltration of outdoor PM2.5 including reducing ventilation, using air conditioning, and using active filtration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Wildfire Smoke Impacts on Indoor Air Quality Assessed Using Crowdsourced Data in California

Liang

Sengupta²,

Campmier³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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<p>Wildfires have become the dominant source of particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>, < 2.5 µm diameter) leading to unhealthy air quality index occurrences in the western United States. Since people mainly shelter indoors during wildfire smoke events, the infiltration of wildfire PM<sub>2.5 </sub>into indoor environments is a key determinant of human exposure, and is potentially controllable with appropriate awareness, infrastructure investment, and public education. Using time-resolved observations outside and inside over 1400 buildings from the crowdsourced PurpleAir sensor network in California, we found that infiltration ratios (indoor PM<sub>2.5 </sub>of outdoor origin/outdoor PM<sub>2.5</sub>) were reduced on average from 0.4 during non-fire days to 0.2 during wildfire days. Even with reduced infiltration, mean indoor concentration of PM<sub>2.5 </sub>nearly tripled during wildfire events, with lower infiltration in newer buildings and those utilizing air conditioning or filtration. </p>

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Section: Differences Of Infiltration On Fire Days and Non-fire Daysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Wildfire Smoke Impacts on Indoor Air Quality Assessed Using Crowdsourced Data in California

Liang

Sengupta²,

Campmier³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…H umans spend about 90% of their time indoors, where they are exposed to many indoor air constituents (1)(2)(3). Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are a major class of indoor air constituents that have raised serious public concerns owing to their adverse health effects (4)(5)(6).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid crystal display screens as a source for indoor volatile organic compounds

Liu

Abbatt

2021

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Liquid crystal displays (LCDs) have profoundly shaped the lifestyle of humans. However, despite extensive use, their impacts on indoor air quality are unknown. Here, we perform flow cell experiments on three different LCDs, including a new computer monitor, a used laptop, and a new television, to investigate whether their screens can emit air constituents. We found that more than 30 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were emitted from LCD screens, with a total screen area–normalized emission rate of up to (8.25 ± 0.90) × 109 molecules ⋅ s–1 ⋅ cm–2. In addition to VOCs, 10 liquid crystal monomers (LCMs), a commercial chemical widely used in LCDs, were also observed to be released from those LCD screens. The structural identification of VOCs is based on a “building block” hypothesis (i.e., the screen-emitted VOCs originate from the “building block chemicals” used in the manufacturing of liquid crystals), which are the key components of LCD screens. The identification of LCMs is based upon the detailed information of 362 currently produced LCMs. The emission rates of VOCs and LCMs increased by up to a factor of 9, with an increase of indoor air humidity from 23 to 58% due to water–organic interactions likely facilitating the diffusion rates of organics. These findings indicate that LCD screens are a potentially important source for indoor VOCs that has not been considered previously.

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“…The increased awareness of the presence of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the urban environment has attracted significant attention in recent years. [1][2][3] This concern is amplified as many VOCs [4][5][6][7] are now being identified as possible causes for many long-term and chronic health conditions. [8][9][10][11] Greater atmospheric dispersion of VOCs also accelerates ozone formation; a leading factor for premature respiratory mortalities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polydimethyl siloxane/MIL-101 Composites for Enhanced Toluene Adsorption in the Presence of Humidity

Azmi¹,

Cherukupally²,

Hunter‐Sellars³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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<div><b>ABSTRACT</b> <br></div><div><br></div><div> Competition between atmospheric moisture and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) for an adsorbent’s sites can significantly impact its VOC removal efficiency. The development of moisture-tolerant adsorbents is essential to address this issue. A vapor phase deposition process using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) has created a hydrophobic form of the highly porous, normally hydrophilic, MOF MIL-101. After optimizing the PDMS vapor deposition time and molecular weights, hydrophobicity index calculations verified the improved hydrophobicity of the coated MOF (MIL-PDMS-Sigma-0.25) over its pristine form. The surface area, pore volume as well as single component vapor adsorption of water and toluene capacities were also preserved, resulting to similar performance to MIL-101. Toluene-water vapor co-adsorption experiments were conducted at 40% RH using two toluene concentrations: 0.5% P/P<sub>0</sub> and 10% P/P<sub>0</sub>, mimicking environmental VOC and industrial concentrations, respectively. At 0.5% P/P<sub>0</sub>, MIL-PDMS-Sigma-0.25 exhibited 60% higher adsorption capacity and twice the rate of toluene capture relative to pristine MIL-101, as well as a 3-fold higher toluene uptake relative to a commercial activated carbon. Preliminary adsorbent regeneration experiments confirm the stability and performance of MIL-PDMS-Sigma-0.25. Using a simple vapor phase modification, this new MOF-composite material offers superior competitive toluene vapor uptake in humidified real-world conditions at VOC concentrations. </div>

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How Do Indoor Environments Affect Air Pollution Exposure?

Cited by 67 publications

References 101 publications

Wildfire Smoke Impacts on Indoor Air Quality Assessed Using Crowdsourced Data in California

Wildfire Smoke Impacts on Indoor Air Quality Assessed Using Crowdsourced Data in California

Liquid crystal display screens as a source for indoor volatile organic compounds

Polydimethyl siloxane/MIL-101 Composites for Enhanced Toluene Adsorption in the Presence of Humidity

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