“…Employee training is defined as the training activity planned and targeted in various ways based on the organization's actual work needs (Noe & Kodwani, 2018). Scholars have confirmed that training could improve economic performance and non-economic performance, including reducing turnover, absence, conflicts, and service quality by improving employees' knowledge, abilities, skills (KSAs, hereafter), and behaviors (Phillips, 2012;Guan & Frenkel, 2019). Despite its supposed positive effect, organizations can also face the risk of employee turnover when increasing training inputs (Noe & Kodwani, 2018).…”