Human adipose CD34⁺CD90⁺ stem cells and collagen scaffold constructs grafted in vivo fabricate loose connective and adipose tissues

Abstract

Stem cell based therapies for the repair and regeneration of various tissues are of great interest for a high number of diseases. Adult stem cells, instead, are more available, abundant and harvested with minimally invasive procedures. In particular, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multi-potent progenitors, able to differentiate into bone, cartilage, and adipose tissues. Human adult adipose tissue seems to be the most abundant source of MSCs and, due to its easy accessibility; it is able to give a considerable amount of stem cells. In this study, we selected MSCs co-expressing CD34 and CD90 from adipose tissue. This stem cell population displayed higher proliferative capacity than CD34(-) CD90(-) cells and was able to differentiate in vitro into adipocytes (PPARγ(+) and adiponectin(+)) and endothelial cells (CD31(+) VEGF(+) Flk1(+)). In addition, in methylcellulose without VEGF, it formed a vascular network. The aim of this study was to investigate differentiation potential of human adipose CD34(+) /CD90(+) stem cells loaded onto commercial collagen sponges already used in clinical practice (Gingistat) both in vitro and in vivo. The results of this study clearly demonstrate that human adult adipose and loose connective tissues can be obtained in vivo, highlighting that CD34(+) /CD90 ASCs are extremely useful for regenerative medicine.

Age-related changes in the features of porcine adult stem cells isolated from adipose tissue and skeletal muscle

“…The relative low proportion of CD34 ϩ cells agrees with data obtained in canine and equine adipose tissue (40,47). In humans, whereas two studies support our findings (2,12), other studies considered adipose tissue as a large reservoir of adult stem cells identified as CD34 ϩ /CD31 Ϫ cells with a proportion ranging from 24 to 90% of SV cells (15,16,28,35,39,41). These discrepancies may arise from the investigation of freshly isolated native SV cells in some studies and of cultured cells in others (15, 29, 39).…”

Hybrid Complexes of High and Low Molecular Weight Hyaluronans Highly Enhance HASCs Differentiation: Implication for Facial Bioremodelling

“…We previously demonstrated that the cell fraction co-expressing CD90 and CD34 markers can differentiate into multivacuolar adipocytes and endothelial cells forming capillary-like structures in methylcellulose and without endothelial growth medium [13]. Such cells loaded on collagen scaffold formed adipose and loose connective tissue [14]. Moreover, the cell fraction also expressing neural/ glial antigen 2 (NG2) can differentiate into skeletal muscle tissue [15].…”

“…The most frequently used materials in ASCs tissue regeneration include collagen [14], hyaluronic acid [20], and polylactic-co-glycolic acid [21]. In this respect, different clinical trials are enrolling patients for the regeneration of craniofacial, cardiovascular and soft tissues [22].…”

Adipose tissue plasticity from WAT to BAT and in between

“…To address controversies, a recent study used a membrane- targeted fluorescent reporter line, and demonstrated that endothelial cells, marked by either Cdh5 or Tie2 promoter activation, do not contribute to adipogenesis during normal development and HFD feeding [57]. Alternatively, MSC in adipose tissue could be common progenitors for endothelial cells and adipocytes, as SVC can differentiate into endothelial cells in vitro [66, 67] and in vivo [68]. …”