Human attitude control

Passerello, C. E.; Huston, Ronald L.

doi:10.1016/0021-9290(71)90019-4

Cited by 35 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Similarly, biological inspiration could result in small, highly maneuverable unmanned aerial vehicles that glide. Finally, the investigation of zero-angular-momentum maneuvers in biological systems may provide inspiration for energy-efficient attitude control (28) for multisegment space vehicles and the astronauts who pilot them (29,30).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Active tails enhance arboreal acrobatics in geckos

Jusufi

Goldman

Revzen

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

210

232

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Geckos are nature's elite climbers. Their remarkable climbing feats have been attributed to specialized feet with hairy toes that uncurl and peel in milliseconds. Here, we report that the secret to the gecko's arboreal acrobatics includes an active tail. We examine the tail's role during rapid climbing, aerial descent, and gliding. We show that a gecko's tail functions as an emergency fifth leg to prevent falling during rapid climbing. A response initiated by slipping causes the tail tip to push against the vertical surface, thereby preventing pitch-back of the head and upper body. When pitch-back cannot be prevented, geckos avoid falling by placing their tail in a posture similar to a bicycle's kickstand. Should a gecko fall with its back to the ground, a swing of its tail induces the most rapid, zero-angular momentum air-righting response yet measured. Once righted to a sprawled gliding posture, circular tail movements control yaw and pitch as the gecko descends. Our results suggest that large, active tails can function as effective control appendages. These results have provided biological inspiration for the design of an active tail on a climbing robot, and we anticipate their use in small, unmanned gliding vehicles and multisegment spacecraft.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Active tails enhance arboreal acrobatics in geckos

Jusufi

Goldman

Revzen

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

210

232

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…2). This choice of angles was adopted by Passerello and Huston (1971) and Van Gheluwe (1981), but there are a number of other systems which may be used (Goldstein, 1950).…”

Section: External Orientation Anglesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The simulation of aerial movement—I. The determination of orientation angles from film data

Yeadon

1990

Journal of Biomechanics

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Quantitative mechanical analyses of human movement require the time histories of the angles which specify body configuration and orientation. When these angles are obtained from a filmed performance they may be used to evaluate the accuracy of a simulation model. This paper presents a method of determining orientation angles and their rates of change from film data. The stages used comprise the synchronisation of data obtained from two camera views, the determination of three-dimensional coordinates of joint centres, the calculation of an angle from a sequence of sine and cosine values and the curve fitting of angles using quintic splines. For each stage, other possible approaches are discussed. Original procedures are presented for obtaining individual error estimates of both the film data and the calculated angles to permit the automatic fitting of quintic splines for interpolation and differentiation and for deriving the time history of an angle as a continuous function from a sequence of sine and cosine values. The method is applied to a forward somersault with 1 1 2 twists and the average error estimate of 17 orientation angles is obtained as 2.1 degrees.

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“…Over the past decades, a large number of computer simulation studies have been conducted to investigate the biomechanical functions of the human MSK system (Passerello and Huston, 1971;Hatze, 1981a;Hollerbach and Flash, 1982;Brand et al ., 1986;Zajac, 1989;Delp et al ., 1990Delp et al ., , 2007Friederich and Brand, 1990;Pandy et al ., 1990;De et al ., 1994;Loan, 1995, 2000;Loren et al ., 1996;Herrmann and Delp, 1999;Whittle, 1999;Audu et al ., 2003;Chi et al ., 2005;Amankwah et al ., 2006;Davoodi et al ., 2007;Jenkyn and Nicol, 2007;Berniker et al ., 2009;Ramsay et al ., 2009;Ren et al ., 2010;Pai, 2010). Of the mathematical modeling approaches for analyzing MSK biomechanics, fi nite element (FE) analysis offers a powerful tool to assess the internal loading conditions of the MSK structures during human movements (Hollister and Riemer, 1993;M ü ller and R ü egsegger, 1995;van Rietbergen et al ., 1995;Cody et al ., 1999;Crawford et al ., 2003;Keaveny et al ., 2007).…”

Section: Overview Of the Finite Element (Fe) Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%