Human beta defensins may be a multifactorial modulator in the management of diabetic wound

Abstract

Diabetic wound (DW) is considered as one of the serious complications associated with diabetes mellitus. Though some pharmacological approaches are available for managing DW, none of them has been reported to be very effective. Widely accepted options for its management include treatment of infection caused by various pathogens, wound debridement, reducing the period of the prolonged inflammatory phase, and supervision of the remodeling phase of wound healing. Satisfactory management of DW thus requires exploring new avenues for finding a potential therapeutic strategy. Literature shows that human beta defensins (HBDs) help in combating the insulin resistance by inhibiting the production of glucocorticoids, reducing chronic inflammation by acting through Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, and provoking cell migration, proliferation, angiogenesis, and stabilization of fibroblasts and keratinocytes, ultimately resulting in wound closure. In the present review, beneficial role of HBDs in the treatment of DW is discussed in detail.

Tetrahedral framework nucleic acids promote diabetic wound healing via the Wnt signalling pathway

“…Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most serious global health problems owing to its prevalence and multiple complications 1,2 . Diabetic wounds are common and add to the complexity of DM through healing delays, multiple infections and diabetes‐related amputations 3–5 . Because of the long cycle and high cost of wound treatment, there is an urgent need to explore effective and economical methods for the treatment of diabetic wounds.…”

“…In addition, due to delayed wound healing, the local immune capacity is weakened and leaves wounds susceptible to infection, which eventually leads to tissue necrosis and amputation 13,14 . At present, the main treatments for diabetic wounds are blood glucose control, wound dressings and surgical debridement 5 . Innovative strategies such as growth factor therapy, stem cell transplantation, genetic engineering and synthetic biomaterials are also being explored 15,16 .…”

“…1,2 Diabetic wounds are common and add to the complexity of DM through healing delays, multiple infections and diabetes-related amputations. [3][4][5] Because of the long cycle and high cost of wound treatment, there is an urgent need to explore effective and economical methods for the treatment of diabetic wounds.The normal wound-healing process in the skin involves a series of complex phases, including haemostasis, inflammation, proliferation and remodelling. [6][7][8][9] It requires the accurate interplay of multiple cells and mediators from the start.…”

Overview of in situ gelling injectable hydrogels for diabetic wounds

“…Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an endocrine disorder that causes increased blood glucose than usual due to insulin impairment (Sanapalli et al, 2020). As per the International Diabetic Federation (IDF) report 2019, about 463 million people worldwide live with DM, and it was estimated to rise by 700 million people by 2045 (Edition, 2019).…”

“…Several treatment strategies, such as patient enlightenment, control of blood sugar levels, removal of damaged tissue from the wound, advanced dressing, surgery, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, and so forth, exist for the treatment of DW (Sanapalli et al, 2020). None of these treatments meet all the prerequisites because of the multifactorial pathophysiology of DWs and the high cost associated with existing treatments (Natarajan et al, 2019).…”