Human Caliciviruses: Basic Virology and Epidemiology

Meschke, John Scott; Sobsey, Mark D.

doi:10.1002/0471263397.env133

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 188 publications

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“…These viruses are responsible for the majority of outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis in industrialized countries (11,12,15,20,23,28). In the United States alone, an estimated 23 million cases of NoV illnesses are reported each year, and the economic consequences of these cases are likely to be substantial (21,23,24). Outbreaks of NoV have been caused by contaminated food and/or drinking water, person-to-person virus transmission, and airborne droplets of infected vomitus (14,21,22,23).…”

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confidence: 99%

Use of TaqMan Real-Time Reverse Transcription-PCR for Rapid Detection, Quantification, and Typing of Norovirus

et al. 2006

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Noroviruses (NoVs) are the most commonly identified cause of outbreaks and sporadic cases of acute gastroenteritis. We evaluated and optimized NoV-specific TaqMan real-time reverse transcription (RT)-PCR assays for the rapid detection and typing of NoV strains belonging to genogroups GI and GII and adapted them to the LightCycler platform. We expanded the detection ability of the assays by developing an assay that detects the GIV NoV strain. The assays were validated with 92 clinical samples and 33 water samples from confirmed NoV outbreaks and suspected NoV contamination cases. The assays detected NoV RNA in all of the clinical specimens previously confirmed positive by conventional RT-PCR and sequencing. Additionally, the TaqMan assays successfully detected NoV RNA in water samples containing low viral concentrations and inhibitors of RT and/or PCR, whereas the conventional method with region B primers required dilution of the inhibitors. By means of serially diluted NoV T7 RNA transcripts, a potential detection limit of <10 transcript copies per reaction mixture was observed with the GII assay and a potential detection limit of <100 transcript copies per reaction mixture was observed with the GI assay. These results and the ability to detect virus in water that was negative by RT-PCR demonstrate the higher sensitivity of the TaqMan assay compared with that of a conventional RT-PCR assay. The TaqMan methods dramatically decrease the turnaround time by eliminating post-PCR processing. These assays have proven useful in assisting scientists in public health and diagnostic laboratories report findings quickly to outbreak management teams.

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confidence: 99%

Use of TaqMan Real-Time Reverse Transcription-PCR for Rapid Detection, Quantification, and Typing of Norovirus

et al. 2006

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“…In lesser developed countries, antibodies are acquired very early (Greenberg and others 1978). Prevalence exceeds 70% to 90% in adults in most countries (Meschke and Sobsey 2002a).…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Caliciviruses: A Major Cause of Foodborne Illness

Gerba

Kayed

2003

Journal of Food Science

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The public health impact of infections by human caliciviruses (HuCVs) is increasingly being recognized. The Norwalk-like viruses (NLV) are the most common cause of outbreaks of nonbacterial gastroenteritis and the most recognized foodborne viral etiologic agents. Factors that contribute to their high burden of infection are low infectious dose, stability in the environment, the diversity of strains, and the lack of long-term immunity to infection or illness. The recent development of sensitive molecular techniques for diagnosis, quantification, and characterization of these agents has led to the recognition of the importance of NLV infection. Future applications of these approaches to understanding modes of transmission and the effectiveness of control measures holds promise for improved understanding of the epidemiology of HuCVs, as well as important control measures for foodborne transmission. This report reviews what is currently known and understood about human caliciviruses regarding foodborne transmission.

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Human Caliciviruses: Basic Virology and Epidemiology

Abstract: Historical Background General Characterization of NLVs and Sapporo‐Like Viruses (SLVs) Genomic Organization Taxonomy of Human and other Caliciviridae Methods of Detection Clinical Symptoms and Diagnosis Pathogenesis … Show more

Cited by 2 publications

References 188 publications

Use of TaqMan Real-Time Reverse Transcription-PCR for Rapid Detection, Quantification, and Typing of Norovirus

Use of TaqMan Real-Time Reverse Transcription-PCR for Rapid Detection, Quantification, and Typing of Norovirus

Caliciviruses: A Major Cause of Foodborne Illness

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