Human cytomegalovirus UL55, UL144, and US28 genotype distribution in infants infected congenitally or postnatally

Abstract

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common cause of congenital infection. This pathogen exhibits extensive genetic variability in the genes that encode structural envelope glycoproteins, regulatory proteins, and proteins that contribute to immune evasion. However, the role of specific viral strains in the outcome of congenital CMV infection is unclear. Variation in the UL55 gene encoding glycoprotein B (gB), the UL144 gene encoding TNF α-like receptor, and the US28 gene encoding β-chemokine receptor was determined in 60 newborn infants with congenital CMV infection and 90 infants with postnatal or undefined CMV infection. CMV polymorphisms were studied in relation to disease outcome and viral load. Genotyping was performed by a sequencing analysis of PCR-amplified fragments, and the viral load was measured by quantitative real-time PCR. The results demonstrated that (1) the UL55 and US28 genotype distributions were similar among the group of congenital and postnatal CMV infection; (2) the UL144 B1 genotype was more prevalent in congenital than in postnatal infection and was detected in 70% of newborns with asymptomatic congenital infection; and (3) none of the examined genotype was significantly linked with symptomatic CMV infection. No relationship was observed between genotype and viral load. The results revealed that UL55, UL144, and US28 polymorphisms are not associated with the outcome of CMV infection in infants, but the presence of UL144 B1 genotype might be virological marker of asymptomatic infection at birth.

Cytomegalovirus DNA is highly prevalent in the blood of patients with asthma and is associated with age and asthma traits

“…The detection limit for the test is > 500 copies/mL. The second detection test was an in‐house, published assay targeting the UL55 gene and using primers and TaqMan probe labeled at the 5′ end with FAM (6‐carboxyfluorescein) and at the 3′ end with TAMRA (6‐carboxytetramethylrhodamine) (detection limit>100 copies/mL). The amplification was performed with a 7900HT Fast Real‐Time PCR System (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA).…”

Prevalence of cytomegalovirus DNAemia and genotypic distribution among childbearing mothers and neonates in Taiwan

“…In China, Japan, the Netherlands, and Pakistan, the most prevalent CMV UL55 genotype was reported to be gB1, and all known UL55 genotypes were represented in these studies (Gonzalez-Sanchez et al, 2015;Mujtaba et al, 2016;Nijman et al, 2014;Yan et al, 2008;Yu et al, 2006). In contrast, in Poland, Cuba, and Mexico, the most prevalent CMV UL55 genotype was reported to be gB2 (Arellano-Galindo et al, 2014;Correa et al, 2016;Paradowska et al, 2015). In the current study, the most prevalent UL55 genotype is also gB2.…”

“…To determine different genotypes, UL55 (gB), UL144 and US28 genotyping was conducted using the BioRad T100 thermal cycler by applying the previously described primers and thermal protocols (Arav-Boger et al, 2002;Paradowska et al, 2015;Yan et al, 2008). The variable regions of the UL55, UL144, and US28 genes were amplified by nested PCR in a 50-ml reaction mixture using PfuI (Promega, WI, USA).…”

“…The nucleotide sequence variability of the UL55 envelope glycoprotein B (gB) gene, the UL144 structural homologue herpesvirus entry mediator gene, and the US28 functional G-protein beta-chemokine receptor gene has enabled the assignment of specific CMV genotypes. These three genes are reported to be hypervariable in many clinical isolates and are widely used in epidemiology studies and investigations of the association between genotype and clinical presentation (Arav-Boger et al, 2002;Heo et al, 2008;Novak et al, 2008;Paradowska et al, 2015;Picone et al, 2005;Tanaka et al, 2005;Yan et al, 2008;Yu et al, 2006).…”

Salivary cytomegalovirus excretion in children in daycare centers and home care facilities in Japan

“…37 One subject in the present study who moved to Japan from Bolivia had the gB2 genotype, a result that was consistent with reports of a high prevalence of the gB2 genotype in Central and South American countries. [38][39][40][41] It was reported that the rate and severity of infection varied depending on genotype, [42][43][44] and that although mixed infection was associated with a high number of viral copies, 38 it was not associated with symptomatic cCMV infection. 45 The number of viral copies in the two cases with mixed infection in the present study was not high (4.5 log 10 copies/mL and 4.6 log 10 copies/mL).…”