Human health risk assessment of heavy metals from surface water of Chott Merouane, Algeria

“…Other studies on deep aquifers of different regions evaluated heavy metal contamination risk in sub-soils and rocks, for instance, Iran [16,17], India [18,19], Bangladesh [20,21], and Pakistan [10,22]. Some studies in Africa and the Sahara also identified high levels of metals in confined aquifers, conflicting with human consumption [23][24][25]. Several studies appraised the impact of anthropogenic activities on groundwater [26][27][28][29][30], while some specific studies investigated the impact of industrial discharges on shallow groundwater in the river plain [31][32][33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fuzzy-Based Human Health Risk Assessment for Shallow Groundwater Well Users in Arid Regions

Thabit,

Haider,

Ghumman

et al. 2023

Sustainability

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The conventional point-estimate human health risk assessment (HHRA) primarily uses average concentrations of a limited number of samples due to the high monitoring costs of heavy metals in groundwater. The results can be erroneous when concentrations significantly deviate from the average across the collected samples in an investigation region. The present research developed a hierarchical fuzzy-based HHRA (F-HHRA) framework to handle variations in limited data sets and subjectively established a broader range of risks for various exposure groups. Groundwater samples from 80 to 120 m deep in shallow wells were collected from agricultural farms along Wadi Rumah in the Qassim Region of Saudi Arabia. Laboratory testing found total dissolved solids much higher than the promulgated drinking water quality standards. As the aftertaste issue eliminated the raw water potability, the study considered dermal exposure for HHRA. The collected samples were tested for thirteen potential heavy metals (HMs), including barium (Ba), boron (B), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), lithium (Li), manganese (Mn), silver (Ag), strontium (Sr), thallium (TI), and zinc (Zn). Cu, Fe, Pb, Ag, and TI were lower than the detectable limit of the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry device. Concentrations of the remaining HMs in wastewater outfalls that were much less than the groundwater eradicated the impact of anthropogenic activities and affirmed natural contamination. Apart from 10% of the samples for Mn and 90% of the samples for Sr, all the other HMs remained within the desired maximum allowable concentrations. Point-estimate and fuzzy-based approaches yielded ‘low’ dermal non-cancer risk and cancer risk for all groups other than adults, where dermal cancer risk of Cr remained in the ‘acceptable’ (1 × 10−6 and 1 × 10−5) risk zone. Although dermal risk does not require controls, scenario analysis established the rationality of F-HHRA for more contaminated samples. The proposed hierarchical F-HHRA framework will facilitate the decision-makers in concerned agencies to plan risk mitigation strategies (household level and decentralized systems) for shallow well consumers in Saudi Arabia and other arid regions.

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“…The Hazard Quotient (HQ) and Hazard index (HI) for both adults and children through the oral route were less than one, but the HI for kids was larger than one (1.36), showing an inadequate risk of noncarcinogenic impacts on children's health. The Carcinogenic Risk (CR) was reported to be within the tolerable cancer risk range of 106-104 set by the USEPA [18]. Moreover, it was stated that both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks could be substantially attributed to the oral pathway with minor adverse health risks, suggesting important conservation, mitigations, and management measures must be carried out to enhance the water quality of this water resources area [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Carcinogenic Risk (CR) was reported to be within the tolerable cancer risk range of 106-104 set by the USEPA [18]. Moreover, it was stated that both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks could be substantially attributed to the oral pathway with minor adverse health risks, suggesting important conservation, mitigations, and management measures must be carried out to enhance the water quality of this water resources area [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trace Elements Risk Assessment in Taps Drinking Water of Ramadi City, Anbar Province, Iraq

Ramal¹,

Abdulhameed²,

Jalal³

2021

IJSSE

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The main target of this research is to assess the risk exposure into specified trace elements (TEs) in taps drinking water of Ramadi city, western Iraq. Non-carcinogenic risks (Hazardous Index) for adults and children were estimated, and carcinogenic risks (CR) were determined. Results obtained in this research indicate that the non-carcinogenic risks (NCR) analysis of (TEs) for adults and children were the most hazardous quotient (HQ) of all (TEs) values, which were less than 1, except for (As). The hazardous index (HI) of (TEs) values was more than 1, which means that there could be a potential risk to human health. Based on USEPA (2015) the safe value for cancer risk (CR) exposed by a TE is less than 1.00E-06. Assessment of (CR) analysis of (TEs) for adults and children revealed that (CR) of (TEs) values were fell within the E-03 to E-06 range. The total average (CR) was 3.19E-03 per capita; The total average CR was extremely high. The current concentrations of TEs in taps drinking water could cause health and environmental issues that must be addressed. Water with high (TEs) concentrations should be handled and managed before it can be distributed to consumers.

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Human health risk assessment of heavy metals from surface water of Chott Merouane, Algeria

Cited by 8 publications

References 34 publications

Human health risk assessment of heavy metal and pathogenic contamination in surface water of the Punnakayal estuary, South India

Human health risk assessment of heavy metal and pathogenic contamination in surface water of the Punnakayal estuary, South India

Fuzzy-Based Human Health Risk Assessment for Shallow Groundwater Well Users in Arid Regions

Trace Elements Risk Assessment in Taps Drinking Water of Ramadi City, Anbar Province, Iraq

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